Page 33 - The 'X' Chronicles Newspaper - October 2015

Is Hawking Right About Hostile Aliens? 33

Is Stephen Hawking Right IF YOU ARE A CHILD
OF A PARENT WHO
About Hostile Aliens? WAS A PATIENT OF

Continued from Page 32 DR. EWEN
CAMERON
A controversial theory holds that aggression was AND MKULTRA
a driving force in human evolution. The “Killer AT THE ALLAN
Ape” hypothesis argues that the human MEMORIAL
ancestors who thrived were those better adapted INSTITUTE IN
for fighting. For example, Carrier said, modern MONTREAL
humans can form fists, which our closest QUEBEC, WE WANT
primate relatives cannot. This particular hand TO HEAR FROM
configuration may have evolved primarily for
better manual dexterity — but it also could have YOU.
come in handy as a club. Likewise, when human
ancestors started walking on two legs, their face
bones also evolved to be stronger and less
delicate. This could be due to diet, Carrier said,
but male face bones are more robust than female
face bones, a sign that male-male competition
could be at play. In other words, thick facial
bones could be a defense against the fist, a
weapon that would have become available once
human ancestors became bipedal.

Kind aliens

If intelligence evolves in the context of social
competition, and aggression is the natural
outcome of competition, it’s hard to imagine that
clever aliens could also be kind. Is this the end
for hopes of sweet little E.T.?

Maybe not. The social competition
model doesn’t work without cooperation, after
all. Humans fight, wage war and sometimes
murder each other. But humans also form
coalitions, care for each other and even build
coalitions of coalitions, such as nation-states.

“There are two sides to our nature,”
Carrier said. “It’s not that one is any more real
than the other. It’s just who we are.”

Humans are unique among Earth life in
forming long-lasting alliances between groups,
not just individuals, Flinn said. Chimpanzees
can’t pull that off, he said, so it’s not clear that
aliens could, either.

“On Planet X, it may not be inevitable
that social competition results in a morality and
a creativity of the sort that allows these
intelligent life-forms to negotiate with us for a
mutually beneficial outcome,” Flinn said.

On the other hand, chimpanzees don’t
explore space. Perhaps a civilization that can
band together to reach for the stars has to be
cooperative by definition. If that’s the case,
humanity might be a greater threat to aliens than
aliens are to humanity. Luckily, evolution has
given humans the tools for peace.

“We can, in effect, rise above the design,
potentially,” Flinn said. “If we understand what
our brains are designed to do, we are going to be
way more capable of rising above those
tendencies that we have.” []

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