Page 166 - Afrika Must Unite

ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL INTEGRATION 15 1

Considerable amounts of barley, wool, cotton, maize, tea,
rubber, tobacco, wheat, pyrethrum , cloves and rice are also
produced.
In mineral production, our continent provided, according to
United Nations Organization findings for 19561, the following
proportions of the world’s output:

96% of gem diamonds (excluding U .S.S.R.); 69% cobalt;
63% gold; 48% antimony; 37% manganese; 34% chromite;
32% phosphate rock; 24% copper; 19% asbestos; 15% tin;
4% iron ore; 4% bauxite.

Nigeria produces 85% of the world’s supply of columbite. G hana
is the second largest manganese producer in the world.
In addition, Africa possesses some of the world’s greatest
known reserves of uranium ore, and this may make possible the
relatively early introduction of nuclear-electrical plants. As well
as the known deposits at Shinkolobwe in the Congo, reserves of
fissionable raw materials have been found in Ghana, Nigeria,
Rhodesia, Nyasaland, M ozambique, M adagascar, various parts
of the former French tropical territories, and in Ethiopia.
Power resources are no less impressive. Africa has the greatest
water power potential in the world. Most of it lies within the
tropical area, the Congo having 21.6% of the world total. Actual
installed capacity, however, is only about 1 % of the world total.
Ghana has made a start on the Volta River project. There are
new projects on the Konkoure in Guinea, on the Kouilou in
former French Equatorial Africa, and a dam is envisaged at the
Inga falls in the lower Congo. Hydro-electrical development has
taken place on the Sanaga at Edea in Cameroon, at Boali
near Nabui, and on the Djou£ near Brazzaville. In the Congo,
there are hydro-electrical developments on the Lufira and
Lualaba rivers, and on the Inkisi. M ention must also be made of
the projects on the Dande, Catumbela and Cunene rivers in
Angola; and on the Revue river in M ozambique. In East and
Central Africa there are the Owen falls dam and the K ariba
dam.
Coal and iron ore are necessary for industrialization. Africa
1 Economic Survey of Africa since 1950. Published 1959.