Page 36 - closeup student

www.frenglish.ru

(Я т ) Ш \ ( л У

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

Read the sentences. How do we form the С Read the sentences. How do you think we form
affirmative and negative in the Present the negative of the Present Perfect Continuous?
Perfect Simple?
1 He is sunburnt because he has been walking on the
1 The scientist has won many prizes. beach.
2 The students have just completed a project 2 We have been recycling for many years.
on the environment. 3 The explorers have been travelling through the
3 I can't show you how to use the camera because I jungle for ten months.
haven't read the instructions.
D Match each sentence with one use of the Present
4 I've lost my map of the rainforest.
Perfect Continuous.
Match each sentence with one use of the Present
a for actions that began in the past and are still in
Perfect Simple.
progress or have happened repeatedly until now [7]
a actions that have just finished [ | b for actions that happened for a period of time and
b experiences and achievements [ have finished, but that have results that affect the
с actions that happened in the past but have results that present
affect the present [ 1 с to emphasise how long actions have been in
d actions that happened at an indefinite time in the progress for ( |
past □
I Be careful
Be careful We don't use the Present Perfect Continuous when
| Remember that we use the Past Simple to describe • we mention the number of times an action occurred
• actions that began and ended in the past, but or when we mention specific quantities. We use the
we use the Present Perfect Simple to describe Present Perfect Simple.
completed actions when we don't know or don't
mention when they happened. О Grammar Focus p.163 & 164 (3.1 to 3.6)

E Choose the correct answers. F Circle the correct words.
1 Many explorers have to the North Pole. 1 Animal conservation became / has become
a go b been с going more important in the last 100 years.
2 Nobody is here. They have to find new species in the 2 Climate change caused / has caused many
rainforest. glaciers to melt.
a gone b been с going 3 The Giant Panda has been / was an endangered
3 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay got to the top species for years.
of Mount Everest___ The puppy has been drinking / drank milk from
a since 1953 b almost 60 years ago с for almost 60 years a bottle for two months.
4 Kate has been studying endangered species___ The fisherman has been catching / has caught
a for ten years b since ten years с ten years 50 kilos offish since yesterday.
5 He has been collecting fossils he was a student. The scientists haven't finished / haven't been
a for b ago с since finishing their research yet.

G Complete the text with the correct form of the Present Perfect Simple, the Present Perfect Continuous
or the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets.

Icebergs
The word 'iceberg' probably comes from the Norwegian word 'isberg', which means 'ice mountain'. Every year about
10,000-15,000 icebergs form around the world. Although modern ships know where icebergs are now, in the past
icebergs (1)__________________________(be) one of the biggest dangers in the sea. The famous Titanic
(2)— (sink) when it hit an iceberg in 1912 and many people (3)___________________________(die).
Because of this accident, thirteen countries (4) ______________________ (form) the International Ice Patrol in 1914.
This organisation (5)_________________________ (give) information to ships about icebergs ever since.
Biologists (6) (study) icebergs for a long time to find out how they change sea life. When an
iceberg melts, nutrients go into the sea. Recently, scientist (7) (show) that the water near
icebergs is full of plankton, fish and other sea life.
Scientists (8) (notice) the way icebergs fall to pieces when they are in warmer waters.
One of the biggest icebergs (9)___________________________ (break) off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000.
It was 295km long and 37km wide!
35