Page 10 - Ecuador's Banana Sector under Climate Change

Graph 3. Average annual value of imports, exports and trade balance of agrifood products (HS codes 1-24), 2013-2014, mln USD
Graph 4. Deterioration of the average annual exchange rate of national currency to US dollar in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, 2014 and 2015 (%)
Million USD 45000
30000
15000
0
Million USD 15000
0
-15000
-30000
Trade balance
Exports
Imports
% 100
80 60 40 20
0
94%
56%
15% Belarus
18%
19%
Russia
72%
67%
49%
Kazakhstan 2014
Ukraine
2015
Source: Review of Agricultural Trade Policies in post-Soviet countries 2014-15. FAO, Rome.
US dollar in 2014 and 2015 (see Graph 4) resulted in
a swift decline in agrifood imports in Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Ukraine in 2014 (see Graph 5).
For example, the Russian Federation saw a
USD 3.3 billion decline in agrifood imports and a
USD 2.7 billion increase in agrifood exports in 2014 relative to 2013, which can be explained by a weakened ruble and the introduction of the import ban in August 2014[3].
Graph 5. Changes in imports and exports of agrifood products (HS codes 1-24), 2014 to 2013, mln USD
Source: Review of Agricultural Trade Policies in post-Soviet countries 2014-15. FAO, Rome.
2. Policies affecting agrifood product trade flows in the region during 2014 and 2015
Key political and economic developments that have affected agrifood product trade flows in the region include:
• Russia’s ban on the import of food products from the European Union, the United States and some other countries in August 2014;
• Association Agreements with the European Union were signed by Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine simultaneously in June 2014;
• theconsiderableweakeningofmostnational currencies in the region, in particular the Russian ruble and the Ukrainian hryvnia, against the US dollar and the euro. Most currencies in the post-soviet region strengthened against the ruble and the hryvnia;
• Armenia and Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015; and
• Kazakhstan’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 30 November 2015.
Million USD 4000
2000 0 -2000 -4000
Exports
Imports
2
Source: Review of Agricultural Trade Policies in post-Soviet countries 2014-15. FAO, Rome.
Agricultural trade policies in the post-soviet countries
Azerbaijan Armenia Belarus Georgia Moldova Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Ukraine
Azerbaijan Armenia Belarus Georgia Moldova Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Ukraine
Exports-imports
Trade balance