Page 12 - Ecuador's Banana Sector under Climate Change

Figure 26: Figure 27: Figure 28:
Figure 29: Figure 30:
Figure 31: Figure 32:
Figure 33: Figure 34: Figure 35: Figure 36: Figure 37: Figure 38:
Figure 39: Figure 40: Figure 41:
Figure 42: Figure 43: Figure 44:
Figure 45: Figure 46: Figure 47: Figure 48: Figure 49:
Pichilingue’s annual variability for precipitation (2000 mm) and temperature (22°C) 84
Historical variability (in parentheses*, annual precipitation and
annual average temperature, respectively) 86
Historical variability for rainy (January-April) and dry season
(July and August) (in parentheses*, annual precipitation and annual average temperature for each season, respectively) 87
Climate change projections for the upper watershed of Babahoyo 89
Variability for the upper watershed of Babahoyo - average precipitation
and temperature (1960-1990): 2 300 mm and 20°C, respectively 89
The frequency of extremely wet and extremely hot years 89
Significant declines in annual banana exports for Ecuador from 1961-2011 95
The banana value chain, its stages and boundaries 103
Banana bunches arrive at the packaging area by cable 104
Packaging facilities 105
Bananas loaded on truck to be transported to collection centre 105
Geographic distribution of farms, collection centres and ports 105
Transoceanic (blue line) and road (green line) transportation to final destination in Spain 111
Geographical distribution of selected regional distribution centres 113 Ecuadorian banana sold in a Spanish hypermarket 115
Final results of the carbon footprint results for the individual and
average banana value chains 122
Carbon footprint results of banana value chains, reported by
several authors 124
Individual contributors to the average carbon footprint of Ecuador’s organic and conventional bananas 124
Distribution of the various elements considered at stage the consumption stage 126
Waste streams generated along the banana value chain 127 GHG emissions of selected food items (per kilo) 132 GHG emissions of selected food items (per U.S. dollar) 133 Maritime Shipping: GHG scale of efficiency 139 Carbon footprint relating to domestic transportation 141
x