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common denominators in the search for solutions. The Panel is grateful to the Governments
                     of Switzerland, Senegal, Costa Rica and Jordan, as well as to the University for Peace in
                     San Jose and the Royal Scientific Society in Amman for their hospitality and substantive
                     assistance to its work.

                     In addition to the core analytical work and the formulation of recommendations, the Panel
                     members wished to emphasize the cultural dimensions of the understanding of water as
                     an instrument of peace. Water has inspired artists from the early times of all the world’s
                     civilizations. The Panel wished to pay tribute to this artistic aspect of water and, at the same
                     time, take advantage of the musical expression of the message of water as a factor of peace.
                     This is why, at each of the four meetings, a composer from the region where the meeting was
                     held, composed a movement of the Symphony for Water and Peace. This work was completed
                     in parallel to the Panel’s own activities. We are convinced that the Symphony will add a strong
                     message of water as an instrument of peace, in addition to our report.

                     The Panel also took advantage of expert consultations, organized in addition to our own
                     meetings. Eight think tank roundtable discussions were organized in Geneva. Individual
                     consultations were held with over one hundred experts and policy makers from all parts of the
                     world on diverse occasions during the last two years. Several Panel members also prepared
                     working papers to elucidate various substantive issues discussed in Panel meetings.
                     On 22 November 2016 the UN Security Council conducted, at the initiative of its President at
                     the time, Senegal, the first ever thematic debate on water, security and peace. I was asked
                     to brief the Security Council about the Panel’s work. The subsequent discussion, in which
                     69 UN Member States, including all fifteen members of the Security Council, participated,
                     showed a growing sense of urgency on the issues of water and peace, and readiness to
                     continue the discussion with a view to developing adequate responses. Several Council
                     members expressed interest in a discussion of the report, once it is launched and presented
                     to the UN.

                     This interaction with a wide variety of experts and policy makers, as well as representatives
                     from civil society, and the business and scientific communities provided the Panel with an
                     opportunity to learn about the variety of problems and the necessary directions for policy
                     making  in  the  future,  and  to  prepare  the  current  report  in  2017.  The  text  of  the  report
                     proceeds from the facts of “the drama of water”, that is a set of circumstances characterized
                     by the growing scarcity of freshwater, deteriorating water quality, and the adverse effects of
                     existing patterns of water use on the available water quantity and quality in many parts of
                     the world. Moreover, the overwhelming proportion of the physical effects of climate change
                     is transmitted through water, a factor likely to exacerbate the drama in the coming years. All
                     of these phenomena are creating pressure around water and further weaken international
                     security in many parts of the world.

                     These tendencies themselves call for stronger and more coherent global cooperation on
                     water. In addition, the question of water resources and installations during armed conflicts
                     is becoming increasingly serious. The Panel studied the problem of water in contemporary
                     armed conflicts in which water resources and installations are increasingly targets of attack
                     or used as weapons of war. The Panel recommends a number of measures relating to the
                     protection of civilians in armed conflicts, to the support of humanitarian organizations and,
                     above all, for a coherent policy on the protection of water resources and installations in the
                     situations on the agenda of the UN Security Council.

                     The Panel is firmly of the view that international water cooperation should be developed
                     into a major instrument used in strengthening international stability and peace, and conflict






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