Page 206 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

192 SECTION III Cardiovascular-Renal Drugs

Pharmacokinetics,
Subclass, Drug Mechanism of Action Effects Clinical Applications Toxicities, Interactions
PARENTERAL AGENTS
• Nitroprusside Releases nitric oxide Powerful vasodilation Hypertensive emergencies Parenteral • short duration
• Fenoldopam Activates D 1 receptors • diazoxide now used only • Toxicity: Excessive
• Diazoxide Opens K channels in hypoglycemia hypotension, shock
• Labetalol α, β blocker

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS
• Captopril, many Inhibit angiotensin-converting Reduce angiotensin II levels Hypertension • heart failure, Oral • Toxicity: Cough,
others enzyme • reduce vasoconstriction and diabetes angioedema • hyperkalemia
aldosterone secretion • increase • renal impairment • teratogenic
bradykinin

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBS)
• Losartan, many Block AT 1 angiotensin Same as ACE inhibitors but no Hypertension • heart failure Oral • Toxicity: Same as ACE
others receptors increase in bradykinin inhibitors but less cough
RENIN INHIBITOR
• Aliskiren Inhibits enzyme activity Reduces angiotensin I and II and Hypertension Oral • Toxicity: Hyperkalemia,
of renin aldosterone renal impairment • potential
teratogen

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