Page 839 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

CHAPTER 44 Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones 825

PREP AR A TIONS Chopra I, Roberts M: Tetracycline antibiotics: Mode of action, applications,
A V AIL ABLE molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiol Mol
Biol Rev 2001;65:232.
De Vriese AS et al: Linezolid-induced inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthe-
sis. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1111.
GENERIC NAME AVAILABLE AS Dryden MS: Linezolid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical treat-
Chloramphenicol Generic, Chloromycetin ment. 2011;66(Suppl 4):S7.
TETRACYCLINES File Jr. TM et al: SOLITAIRE-IV: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study
Demeclocycline Generic, Declomycin comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous-to-oral solithromycin to
intravenous-to-oral moxifloxacin for treatment of community-acquired
Doxycycline Generic, Vibramycin, others bacterial pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63:1007.
Minocycline Generic, Minocin, others Hancock RE: Mechanisms of action of newer antibiotics for gram-positive
Tetracycline Generic, others pathogens. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:209.
Tigecycline Tygacil Leclerq R: Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: Nature
MACROLIDES of the resistance elements and their clinical implications. Clin Infect Dis
2002;34:482.
Azithromycin Generic, Zithromax Lee M et al: Linezolid for treatment of chronic extensively drug-resistant tubercu-
Clarithromycin Generic, Biaxin losis. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1508.
Erythromycin Generic, others Livermore DM: Tigecycline: What is it, and where should it be used? J Antimicrob
KETOLIDES Chemother 2005;56:611.
Telithromycin Ketek Moran GJ et al: Methicillin-resistant S aureus infections among patients in the
emergency department. N Engl J Med 2006;355:666.
LINCOMYCIN Moran GJ et al: Tedizolid for 6 days versus linezolid for 10 days for acute bacterial
Clindamycin Generic, Cleocin skin and skin-structure infections (ESTABLISH-2): A randomized, double-
STREPTOGRAMINS blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2014;14:696.
Quinupristin and dalfopristin Synercid Prokocimer P et al: Tedizolid phosphate vs linezolid for treatment of acute bacterial
skin and skin structure infections. JAMA 2013;309:559.
OXAZOLIDINONE Tasina E et al: Efficacy and safety of tigecycline for the treatment of infectious
Linezolid Generic, Zyvox diseases: A meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11:834.
Tedizolid Sivextro Van Bambeke F: Renaissance of antibiotics against difficult infections: Focus on
oritavancin and new ketolides and quinolones. Ann Med 2014;46:512.
Wayne RA et al: Azithromycin and risk of cardiovascular death. N Engl J Med
2012;366:1881.
Woytowish MR, Rowe AS: Clinical relevance of linezolid-associated serotonin
toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 2013;47:388.
REFERENCES Zuckerman JM: Macrolides and ketolides: Azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithro-
Barrera CM et al: Efficacy and safety of oral solithromycin versus oral moxifloxa- mycin. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2004;18:621.
cin for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: A global,
double-blind, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority
trial (SOLITAIRE-ORAL). Lancet 2016;16:421.

C ASE STUD Y ANSWER

A tetracycline or a macrolide is effective in the treatment of patient is pregnant, then tetracyclines would be contraindi-
chlamydial cervicitis. Doxycycline at a dose of 100 mg PO cated and she should receive azithromycin, which is safe in
bid for 7 days is the preferred tetracycline, while azithro- pregnancy.
mycin as a single 1 g dose is the preferred macrolide. If the