Page 876 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

862 SECTION VIII Chemotherapeutic Drugs

PREP AR A TIONS REFERENCES
A V AIL ABLE Ashbee HR et al: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antifungal agents:
Guidelines from the British Society for Medical Mycology. J Antimicrob
Chemother 2014;69:1162.
GENERIC NAME AVAILABLE AS Cornely OA et al: Posazonacole vs. fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis in
Amphotericin B patients with neutropenia. N Engl J Med 2007;356:348.
Parenteral: Diekema DJ et al: Activities of caspofungin, itraconazole, posaconazole, ravucon-
azole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against 448 recent clinical isolates
Conventional formulation Generic of filamentous fungi. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:3623.
Lipid formulations Abelcet, AmBisome Felton T, Troke PF, Hope WW: Tissue penetration of antifungal agents. Clin
Anidulafungin Eraxis Microbiol Rev 2014:27:68.
Butenafine Mentax Herbrecht R et al: Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of
invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:408.
Butoconazole Gynazole-1 Lewis RE: Current concepts in antifungal pharmacology. Mayo Clin Proc
Caspofungin Cancidas 2011;86:805.
Clotrimazole Generic, Lotrimin, Mycelex, others Nett JE, Andes DR: Antifungal agents: Spectrum of activity, pharmacology, and
Econazole Generic, Ecoza clinical indications. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2016;30:51.
Fluconazole Generic, Diflucan Pasqualotto AC, Denning DW: New and emerging treatments for fungal infection.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61(Suppl 1):i19.
Flucytosine Generic, Ancobon Perlin DS: Echinocandin resistance, susceptibility testing and prophylaxis: Impli-
Griseofulvin Grifulvin, Gris-Peg cations for patient management. Drugs 2014;74:1573.
Itraconazole Generic, Sporanox, Onmel Rogers TR: Treatment of zygomycosis: Current and new options. J Antimicrob
Ketoconazole Generic, Nizoral, others Chemother 2008;61(Suppl 1):i35.
Micafungin Mycamine Wong-Beringer A, Jacobs RA, Guglielmo BJ: Lipid formulations of amphotericin
Miconazole Generic, Oravig, Micatin B: Clinical efficacy and toxicities. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:603.
Naftifine Naftin
Natamycin Natacyn
Nystatin Generic
Oxiconazole Generic, Oxistat, others
Posaconazole Noxafil
Sulconazole Exelderm
Terbinafine Generic, Lamisil
Terconazole Generic, Terazol 3, Terazol 7
Tioconazole Vagistat-1, Monistat 1
Tolnaftate Generic, Aftate, Tinactin, others
Voriconazole Generic, Vfend

C ASE STUD Y ANSWER

The mold subsequently isolated from the patient’s CSF of Mexico, and Central and South America. Oral therapy with
was identified as Coccidioides immitis. Patients of African- fluconazole was initiated at a dose of 800 mg/day and patient’s
American and Southeast Asian descent as well as immuno- headache, fever, and double vision resolved within 7 days.
compromised patients are at an increased risk for developing Patients experiencing treatment failure with fluconazole may
chronic forms of coccidioidomycosis such as meningitis. C. require treatment with intrathecal amphotericin B. Generally,
immitis is a dimorphic fungus that grows in the soil of the San coccidioidal meningitis requires lifelong therapy because of a
Joaquin Valley in California, while closely related C posadasii is high incidence of disease relapse with treatment discontinua-
found elsewhere in desert regions of the southwest USA, parts tion and is 100% fatal without antifungal treatment.