Page 908 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

894 SECTION VIII Chemotherapeutic Drugs

GENERIC NAME AVAILABLE AS GENERIC NAME AVAILABLE AS
Palivizumab Synagis Sofosbuvir Sovaldi
Peginterferon alfa-2a Pegasys Stavudine Generic, Zerit, Zerit XR
(pegylated interferon alfa-2a) Telaprevir Incivek
Peginterferon alfa-2b PEG-Intron Telbivudine Tyzeka
(pegylated interferon alfa-2b)
Penciclovir Denavir Tenofovir Viread
Raltegravir Isentress Tipranavir Aptivus
Ribavirin Generic, Rebetol Trifluridine Generic, Viroptic
Ribavirin/interferon alfa-2b Rebetron Valacyclovir Generic, Valtrex
Ribavirin Aerosol Virazole Valganciclovir Valcyte
Rilpivirine Edurant Zalcitabine (dideoxycytidine, ddC) Hivid (withdrawn)
Rilpivirine/emtricitabine/-tenofovir Complera Zanamivir Relenza
Rimantadine Generic, Flumadine Zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) Generic, Retrovir
Ritonavir Norvir Zidovudine/lamivudine Combivir
Saquinavir Invirase Zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir Trizivir

REFERENCES in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions
to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. https://www.
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)-Infectious Diseases aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/PerinatalGL.pdf.
Society of America (IDSA): Recommendations for testing, managing, and
treating hepatitis C. www.hcvguidelines.org. Terrault NA et al: AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B.
Hepatology 2016;63:261.
Günthard HF et al: Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection: 2014
Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel. JAMA
2014;312:410. RELEVANT WEBSITES
Medical Letter: Antiviral drugs. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2013;11:19. https://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov
Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents: Guidelines for the use www.hiv-druginteractions.org
of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents. Department
of Health and Human Services. https://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines. www.hivinsite.com
Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of www.iasusa.org
Perinatal Transmission: Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs www.hepatitisc.uw.edu/page/treatment/drugs

C ASE STUD Y ANSWER

Combination antiviral therapy against both HIV and hepa- alternatives as well. Prior to initiation of this regimen, renal
titis B virus (HBV) is indicated in this patient, given the and liver function should be checked, HBV DNA level
high viral load and low CD4 cell count. However, the use should be assessed, the patient should be screened for Hepa-
of methadone and possibly excessive alcohol consumption titis A and HCV infection, and a bone mineral density test
necessitate caution. Tenofovir plus emtricitabine (two nucle- should be considered. Pregnancy should be ruled out, and
oside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors) would be the patient should be counseled that efavirenz should not be
excellent choices as the NRTI “backbone” of a fully sup- taken during pregnancy. Avoidance of alcohol should be rec-
pressive regimen, since both are active against HIV-1 and ommended. The potential for lowered methadone levels with
HBV, do not interact with methadone, and are available in darunavir, if used, necessitates close monitoring and possibly
a once-daily, fixed-dose combination. A strand inhibitor an increased dose of methadone. Finally, the patient should
such as raltegravir or dolutegravir, or the boosted combina- be made aware that abrupt cessation of these medications
tion of darunavir/ritonavir could be added. There are other may precipitate an acute flare of hepatitis.