Page 23 - Sahaja_Jan-Feb_2021

teJ\w
tKmh (Goa) ]\mPn (Panaji) hnimeamb t£{XssaXm\hpw XoÀ°¡pfhpw N´bmb
cq]s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.

aebmf kmlnXy¯nð ‘tKma´Iw’ Fó t]cnð Hcp tKmhbpsS XeØm\ \Kcamb ]\mPnsb ]³Pnw

t\mhepïv. IW¡qÀ BÀ kptcjvIpamÀ Fó Fgp¯pImc³ (Panjim) Fópw hnfn¡póp. ]Xns\mómw \qämïnð tKmh kmðskäv (Salcete)
tKmhbpsS ]Ým¯e¯nð FgpXnb IrXn. F´mWv `cn¨ncpó IZw_ cmPhwihpambn _Ôs¸«mWv ]\mPnsbó
sX¡³ tKmhbnse Hcp Xmeq¡mWnXv. 66 Fóv
‘tKma´Iw’? AXv asämópañ, tKmhbpsS Hcp ]gb \maw t]cnsâ XpS¡w. 1007 apXð 1050 hsc N{IhÀ¯nbmbncpó
kwkvIrX ]Zamb kmjjvTv (sashasht) Fó hm¡
Xsó. ]pcmX\kmlnXy¯nð Cós¯ tKmh Fó {]tZiw klkvXtZh\mWv Cu t]cn\p XpS¡an«Xv. 1100 sâ
\nómWv kmðskäv DïmbXv. sX¡³ KpPdm¯v, ad
Adnbs¸«ncpóXv ]e t]cpIfnembncpóp. tKmaôe, XpS¡¯nð ‘]lmP\n Jen’ Fóv hnfn¨pt]móp. ‘{]fbw
taJeIfnð \nóv ]Xnaqómw \qämïnð IpSntbdn
tKmaI]«Ww, tKmaI]«w, tKmaI]pcn, tKmhm]pcn, tKmthw, _m[n¡m¯ \mSv’ FóÀ°apÅ ]¬Pn, t]m¬Pn Fóo
kmckzX {_mÒW IpSpw_§fnð Adp]¯msd®w
tKma´Iw Fsóms¡bmbncpóp Ah. kvIµ]pcmWw, t]cpIfnð ]nóoSv Adnbs¸Sm³ XpS§n. ]nð¡me¯v `cWw
ChnsSbmWv Xmakam¡nbXv. kckzXn \ZnbpsS X
lcnhwiw , apXemb IrXnIfnemWv tKmaI]pcnbpw ]nSns¨Sp¯ BZnðjm ChnsS ]WnX Aôp sIm«mc§sf
]emb\w sNbvXXpsImïv AhÀ ‘kmckzXÀ’ Fódnb
tKmaI]«Whpw ]cmaÀin¨n«pÅXv. Ncn{X¯nepÅ aäp Nne kqNn¸n¡pó t]cmbpw ]\mPn Adnbs¸«p. ]nóoSv hó
Adp]¯mdv {Kma§fmbn Ah hnIkn¨p. t]mÀ«pKo
t]cpIÄ kn´]qÀ, km´m_qÀ, alÊ]«w FónhbmWv. t]mÀ¨pKokpImÀ 1843- ð ]\mPnsb ‘t\mh tKmh’ Fó
A[n\nthiw hscbpÅ 400 hÀj¡mew {_mÒWcpsS
alm`mcX¯nð tKmhm{]tZiw ]cmaÀin¡póXv tKm]cm{ãw, t]cnð XeØm\am¡n. AXphsc BØm\ambncpó
aT§fmð k¼óambncpóp kmðskäv. aT{Kma (Mar
tKmhcm{ãw Fsóms¡bmWv. ]ip¡Ä [mcmfw taªp Cós¯ ‘HmÄUv tKmh’bpsS ]X\s¯¯pSÀómbncpóp
CXv. 1961- ð tKmhbpsS kzmX{´y¯n\ptijamWv ]\mPn
Fóv HutZymKnIambn \maIcWw sNbvXXv.
AkpcawKew hnPbIpamÀ
rizwanasini@gmail.com HmÄUv tKmh (Old Goa)

tKmhbpw tKmhm ]pcn¡v _Zembn ]Xn\ômw \qämïnð _nPm¸qÀ

almamcnbnð \in¨pt]mb \KcamWv HmÄUv tKmh.

kpð¯m\mWv Cu \Kcw \nÀ½n¨Xv. _nPm¸qÀ Ignªmð

Øe\ma ]pcmW§fpw ASp¯ BØm\\Kcambncpóp CXv. 1510- ð ChnSw

t]mÀ¨pKokv A[o\Xbnembn. cïp e£w

P\kwJybpïmbncpó \Kcambncpóp ChnSw. ]vtfKpw

ae¼\nbpw aäpw ]SÀóp ]nSn¨v 1780 Bbt¸mtg¡pw P\kwJy

shdpw 1500 se¯n. Cu L«¯nemWv t]mÀ¨pKokpImÀ

X§fpsS BØm\w ]\mPnbnte¡p amänbXv. AXn\ptijw
t]mÀ«pKokpImÀ ‘tKmh shevlm’ Fóv HmÄUv tKmhsb
FñmhÀ¡pw Hcp t]cpÅXpt]mse \mw Pohn¡pó hnfn¨p XpS§n. shevlm Fómð t]m¨pKokv `mjbnð
Npäp]mSpIfpw ]eXcw t]cpIfnemWtñm Adnbs¸SpóXv. ]gbXv FómWÀ°w.

]dªp ]gInbpw tcJs¸Sp¯nbpw \mw D]tbmKn¡pó
t]cpIÄ¡v ]pdta ap¡n\p ap¡n\p ]pXnb Øet¸cpIfpw aÀKmhv (Margao)
]pXpXmbn Dïmbns¡mïncn¡pIbmWv.

aqóp\mep XeapdIÄ ]pdtIm«p t]mbmð aUvKmhv (sIm¦Wn), aUvtKm¬ (adm¯n) Fsóms¡
\½fnóp¨cn¡pó ]e Øe\ma§fpw atätXm \Sóncpó, tKm]hmS§Ä A[nIapÅ Øeambncpóp hnfn¡pó aÀKmhv sX¡³ tKmhbnse Hcp ]pcmX\
t]cpIfnembncpóp Adnbs¸«Xv Fóp ImWmw. ChnSsaómWv AXp kqNn¸n¡póXv. almcm{ãbnse \Kcambncpóp. ‘aT{Kma’ Fómbncpóp ]gb t]cv. H¼Xv
Ncn{XmXoXImes¯ t]cpIÄ XnI¨pw hyXykvX§fmbncpóp cXv\mKncn apXð tKmh, IÀWmSIbnse tKmIÀWw {_mÒW aT§fpïmbncpóXpsImïmWv Cu t]cv kn²n¨Xv. ambncpóp Cu Xmeq¡nsâ BØm\w. ]nóoSv
Fópw a\Ênem¡mw. Ncn{Xw Dïmb Imew apXð Ctómfw FónhbpÄs¸sS sIm¦WtZiambn Adnbs¸Spóp. tIcfw aÀKmhnsâ sX¡pIng¡³ kao]{]tZiamb dmhðt^mïnð t]mÀ«pKokpImcpsS tKmhbnse Gähpw {]_eamb
F{Xtbm Øe§Ä¡v ]pXnb t]cpIÄ hópt]mbn«pïv. hsc hym]n¨ Cu {]tZiw ]cipcma³ krãn¨XmsWóv atÕy{µ\mYv, tKmcJv\mYv Fóo ]pcmX\ t£{X§Ä {]tZiambn amdn, ChnSw.
Cópw \½Ä Nne h³\Kc§fpsS t]cpIÄ `mcXob ]pcmW¯nepw ]dbpópïv. {InkvXphn\pap¼v aqómw \ne\nóncpóp. AXnt\mS\p_Ôn¨v anI¨ hnZym]oT§fpw
]mc¼cy¯n\\pkrXambn amäns¡mïncn¡pIbmWv. \qämïnð tKmh Adnbs¸«ncpóXv 'A]cm´' Fó Dïmbncpóp. ChbpsS \S¯n¸n\mbmWv ]Xn\ômw hmkvtIm (Vasco)
\qdpIW¡n\v hÀj§Ä¡p ap³]v \ne\nóncpó t]cnemsWóv {Ko¡v `qanimkv{XÚ\mb tSmfan \qämïnð hnhn[ aT§Ä Øm]n¨ncpóXv. t]mÀ«pKokv
Øe\ma§fnte¡v Hsc¯nt\m«w (Etymology) ckw ]Icpó tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv. {InkvXphÀjw ]Xnaqómw \qämïnð B[n]Xyw Gähpw kmcambn _m[n¨Xv Cu \Kcs¯bmWv. aÀ½tKmh Fódnbs¸«ncpó ]gb \KcamWv hmkv
Hómbncn¡pw. tKmhsb 't\ðIn´' Fóv hnfn¨ncpópshópw {Ko¡p B{IaW§fnð Cu aT§fpw hnZymeb§fpw XIÀ¡s¸«p. (hmkvtIm Un Kma). 1524- ð tKmhbnse¯nb t
Ahtijn¨h aäp kpc£nX taJeIfnte¡p amän. ChnsS KhÀWdmb hmkvtIm Un KmabpsS kvacWmÀ°w 15
]cmaÀiw ImWmw.
tKmhbpw tKmhbnse Nne Øet¸cpIfpw \qämïpIÄ¡p {]ikvXambncpó ZmtamZÀ (e£vao \mcmbW) t£{Xw Cu \Kcw Øm]nXambXv. t]mÀ«pKokpImÀ¡v iàa
ap¼v F§s\ Adnbs¸«ncpóp Fóv t\m¡mw. tKmh Fó \maw ]Xn\mdmw \qämïnð t]mÀ«pKokv CcpónS¯mWv Ct¸mÄ tlmfn kv]ncnäv NÀ¨v DÅXv. shñphnfn DbÀ¯nb adm¯m cmPmhmb kw_mPn
A[n\nthis¯ XpSÀómWv Øncs¸«Xv.
(inhPnbpsS ]p{X³) bpsS t]cnepw ChnSw Np
23 P\phcn þ s^{_phcn 2021