Page 25 - Siaf 2025

هطﺼﺎﻂﻏ ﻆﻄ راﺰﺎﻇا ﻎﺸ ٌ ﺈﻊذ :ﺋﻐﻇادﻌسلا ﺋﻐﺎﻏﺞلا بﻌﺊﺗلا Sunflower Crop in Sudan نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﺟمﺤلا ةرﻊز لﻌﺧﺗﻄ

Oilseeds: Gold Waiting to Be Claimed

Sun�lower (Helianthus annuus) is an oilseed crop of growing
importance in Sudan. Thanks to genetic improvements, both
yield and seed oil content have increased—ranging from 39%
to 49%, and exceeding 50% in some modern hybrids. The oil is
light in color and rich in unsaturated fatty acids bene�icial for
heart health. The seeds also contain around 30% digestible
protein, which increases to 40% when dehulled, making them a
valuable source of animal feed.
Favorable Environmental Conditions
Sun�lower thrives in Sudan's agro-climatic conditions, especial-
ly in the central clay plains and regions such as Damazin,
Gedaref, and Renk, where it can be cultivated under rainfed or ﺟمﺤلا ةرﻊز لﻌﺧﺗﻄ ﺛﺳُ ﻏ (Helianthus annuus) تاذ ﺋﻐﺎﻏﺞلا ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا ﻆﻄ
supplemental irrigation systems. The crop prefers moderate عﺸر ﻎﺸ ﺌمﻋﺠأ ﺋﻐﺐارو تاﻈﻐسﺗت ﻆﻄ هﺛﻋﺣ اﻄ ﻀﺪفب ،نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ةﺛﻏاﺞﺎملا ﺋﻐمﻊﻓا
temperatures between 20–30°C. High temperatures reduce oil ﻆﺔﻋلا ﺨﺳب ﻎﺸ ﻀﺧتو ،49% ىلإ 39% ﻆﻐب حوارﺎت ﻎﺎلا هروﺜب ﻎﺸ ﺌﻏﺞلا ﺋﺊسﻇو هﺎﻐجاﺎﻇإ
content and quality, particularly linoleic acid. Sun�lower ىﻂﺲ يﻌﺎﺗﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،ﺋﻐلاﺳلا ﺋﻐئاﺜﺶلا هﺎمﻐﺻو حتافلا هﻇﻌﻂب هﺎﻏز ﺞﻐمﺎﻏ .50% ﻆﻄ رﺑﺾأ ىلإ ﺋﺑﻏﺛﺗلا
requires approximately 500 mm or more of water during the
season. ﻆﻐتورب 30% ﻎلاﻌﺖ ىﻂﺲ روﺜﺊلا يﻌﺎﺗت امﺾ .ﺈﻂﺼلا ﺋﺗﺧل ةﺛﻐفﻄ ﺋﺳﺊﺤﻄ رﻐغ ﺋﻐﻈﻊد ضامﺖأ
Approved Varieties and Hybrids تاﻇاﻌﻐﺗﻂل ﺷﻂﺳﺾ ةﺛﻐفﻄ اﻋﻂﺳﺔﻏ امﻄ ،ةرﺤﺼلا ﺋلازإ ﺛﻈﺲ 40% ىلإ ﻀﺧتو ،ﻃﺪﻋﻂل ﻀباﺻ.
Hybrid varieties such as: Hysun 33, Jwalamukhi, PAN 7392, and ﺋﺊﺠاﻈملا ﺋﻐﺆﻐﺊلا فورﺰلا
ةروﺪﻬﻣ ﺔﻴﻋارز تاوﺮﺛ – ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا لﻮﻔﻟاو ﻢﺴﻤﺴﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا دﺎﺒﻋ ةﺮﻫز ﻦﻣ PAN 7355 ﺋﻐﻈﻐطلا لﻌﻋسلا ﺺﺬاﻈﻄ ﻎﺸ ﺋﺦاخ ،نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻌمﻈﻂل ﺋﻐلاﺑﻄ ﺋﺆﻐب ﺟمﺤلا ةرﻊز ﺛﺔﻏ
ﺚﻳﺪﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﻼﺑ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻو are among the best-performing in Sudan due to their uniform .ﻎﻂﻐمﺿﺎلا يرلاب وأ اً ﻏرطﻄ هﺎﺲارز ﻆﺿمﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،كﻇرلا ،فراﺪﺼلا ،ﻆﻏزاﻄﺛلا ﺺﺬاﻈﻄو ىطﺠﻌلا
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺜﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻲﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا عﻮﻨﺘﻟاو ﻞﺋﺎﻬﻟا ﻲﻓاﺮﻐﺠﻟا داﺪﺘﻣﻻا ﻢﻏر growth, early maturity, and 100–200% higher yields compared اً ﺊﻂﺠ رﺐﺂﻏ ةرارﺗلا عافترا نأ ذإ ،م30°–20 ﻆﻐب حوارﺎت ﺋلﺛﺎﺳﻄ ةرارﺖ تاجرد لﻌﺧﺗملا ﻀﺪفﻏ
From Sun�lower to Sesame and Groundnut – Untapped to traditional varieties.
Wealth and a Missing Re�ining Link يﻮﻴﺤﻟا ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا درﻮﻤﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟا ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻا لاﺰﺗ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻳﺰﻟا بﻮﺒﺤﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻹ Yield depends on: ﻎلاﻌﺖ ىلإ لﻌﺧﺗملا جاﺎﺗﻏ .كﻐلﻌﻈﻐﻂلا ﺨﻄاﺖ ىﻌﺎﺗﻄ ﻀﻐﻂﺼت ا ً ﺦﻌﺧخ ،ﺌﻏﺞلا ةدﻌجو ﺋﺊسﻇ ىﻂﺲ
Sudan’s vast lands and diverse climate make it ideal for cultivat- ،ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﻦﻴﻫر لاز ﺎﻣ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟا ﻦﻜﻟ ،ﻢﺳاﻮﻤﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﻓو جﺎﺘﻧﻹﺎﻓ .ةدوﺪﺤﻣ Number of heads per unit area, Number of seeds per head, ﻃﺠﻌملا لﻘخ هاﻐملا ﻆﻄ رﺑﺾأ وأ ﻃﻂﻄ 500.
Land Preparation and Planting Methods
ing oilseeds. Yet, the full value of this agricultural wealth remains ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﻟا ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻰﻠﻋ ةردﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ Weight of 100 seeds ةﺛمﺎﺳملا ﻆﺔﻋلاو فاﻈﺦﻓا
largely unclaimed. While production can be abundant, process- ﻀﺑﻄ ﻆﺔﻋلا ﺛﺳُ تHysun 33 - Jwalamukhi - PAN 7392 - PAN 7355
ing is still bound to outdated methods that fall short of unlocking ﺔﺻﺮﻓ مﻮﻴﻟا حﺎﺘﺗ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا لﺎﻘﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺸﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳأ مﺪﻘﺗ ﻊﻣو Field preparation begins after around 100 mm of rainfall. The
the crops' full economic and nutritional potential. ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻘﻧ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺷ ،ﺔﻴﻧادﻮﺴﻟا تﻮﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺔﻠﻘﻧ ثاﺪﺣﻹ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺣ process includes: ﺋﻐجاﺎﻇ�ا عافتراو ،ﺒﺪﻈلاو ﻌمﻈلا ﻎﺸ ﺟﻇاﺔت ﻆﻄ هب ﺞﻐمﺎت امل كلذو ،ةزاﺔملا فاﻈﺦﻓا ﻀﺪﺸأ ﻆﻄ
ﹰ
With global advances in oil re�ining technology, Sudan now has a ﻞﺜﻤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺲﻤﺸﻟا دﺎﺒﻋ ةﺮﻫز ﻦﻣ ءاﺪﺘﺑا ،ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﺎﻬﺗﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣاو ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ Plowing with wide-level discs or chisel plows, Soil fragmenta- ﺋﻏﺛﻐﻂﺼﺎلا فاﻈﺦﻓاب ﺋﻇراﺼﻄ 200%–100 زواﺔﺎت ﺋﺊسﻈب.
real opportunity to reshape its edible oil industry if it starts by ﹰ ﹰ tion and weed removal, Breaking hardpan layers in compacted ﻀﻄاﻌﺲ ﺋﺐﻘﺐ ىﻂﺲ ﺷﻈﺧلا ﺋﻐجاﺎﻇإ ﺛمﺎﺳت:
understanding the nature and needs of its local crops, beginning اﺪﻋاو ﺎﺟذﻮﻤﻧ soils ةرﺜب 100 نزو , صرﺼلا ﻎﺸ روﺜﺊلا دﺛﺲ , ﺋﺖاسملا ةﺛﺖو ﻎﺸ صارﺻﻓا دﺛﺲ
with the sun�lower as a model. ﻦﻴﻴﻧادﻮﺴﻟا ةﺪﺋﺎﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺐﺋﺎﻏ …ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﺖﻳز :ﺲﻤﺸﻟا دﺎﺒﻋ ﹸ Planting methods include: ﺋﺲارﺞلا قرﺬو ضرﻓا رﻐﺪﺗت
Sun�lower: Light Oil Missing from Sudanese Tables ﻦﻣ دﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﻋارز برﺎﺠﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺣﺎﺠﻧ ﺖﺘﺒﺛأ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ةﺮﻫز ﺪﻌﺗ Broadcasting: Quick but inconsistent plant distribution
Row planting (drilling): More precise and uniform using tine
Sun�lower has shown strong potential in several Sudanese ﹰ seeders ﺞﻐﻋﺔﺎلا تاﻐﻂمﺲ ﻀمﺤت .راطﻄﻓا ﻆﻄ ﻃﻂﻄ 100 ﻌﺗﻇ لﻌطﻊ ﺛﺳب رﻐﺪﺗﺎلا أﺛﺊﻏ:
ﹰ
ﹸ
ﹰ
regions, including Kordofan, Blue Nile, and Al Jazirah, especially .يرﻮﺤﻤﻟا يﺮﻟا ﻢﻈﻧ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ،ةﺮﻳﺰﺠﻟاو قرزﻷا ﻞﻴﻨﻟاو نﺎﻓدﺮﻛ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،تﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟا Manual pit planting: Used in traditional farming and small areas رافﺗلا ثارﺗملا وأ ﺨﻏرﺳلا كسﻏﺛلاب ثرﺗلا
under pivot irrigation. Its oil is rich in linoleic acid and widely ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ،ﻚﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟا ﺾﻤﺤﺑ ﺎﻴﻨﻏ ﺎﺘﻳز ﺞﺘﻨﺗو Plant Density and Seed Rate ﺢئاﺤﺗلا ﺋلازإو ﺋبرﺎلا ﺌﻐﺎفت
used in food and cosmetics. ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ،مﺪﻘﺘﻣ ﻲﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﻊﻀﺨﻳ ﻻ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﺐﻠﻏأ ﻦﻜﻟ Optimal plant spacing: ﻎضارﻓا ﺨﺳب ﻎﺸ ءامﺧلا تاﺼﺊطلا رﻐسﺿت ثﻏراﺗﻄ ماﺛﺚﺎﺠا
However, most locally produced sun�lower oil is not subjected to Irrigated �ields: 60×30 cm → ~23,300 plants/feddan, Rainfed
advanced re�ining techniques, making it vulnerable to oxidation ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳو .ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟا ناﺪﻘﻓو ﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻠﻟ �ields: 80×45 cm → ~11,700 plants/feddan ﺋﺲارﺞلا قرﺬ:
and lowering its market value. Technologies such as steam ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺮﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻄﺗو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ةﺪﺴﻛﻷا تادﺎﻀﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺤﺗ نأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا Recommended seed rate: عﻏزﻌﺎلاو ﺋﺸاﺑﺿلا ﻎﺸ ﺋمﺰﺎﻈﻄ رﻐغ اﻋﻈﺿل ﺋﻂﻋﺠ :(ﺌﻐﺎﺤﺎلا) رﺑﻈلا.
re�ining or low-temperature processing can preserve natural ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺼﻘﺗ …ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻲﻓ ةﺮﻓو :ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا لﻮﻔﻟا 1.6–2.6 kg/feddan for irrigated areas, 1.0–1.7 kg/feddan for ﺋﺻزاﺳلا ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﺋلآ ﻀﺑﻄ تﻗآ ماﺛﺚﺎﺠاب ا ً سﻇاﺔتو ﺋﺻد رﺑﺾأ :رﻐطسﺎلا.
antioxidants and extend shelf life. ﹸ rainfed areas ﺋﻏﺛﻐﻂﺼﺎلا ﺋﺲارﺞلاو ةرﻐﺶﺧلا تاﺖاسمﻂل ﺋﺊﺠاﻈﻄ :رفﺖ ﻎﺸ ﺋﻏوﺛﻐلا ﺋﺲارﺞلا.
Groundnut: High Production, Low Re�inement ،نﺎﻓدﺮﻛ لﺎﻤﺷو فرﺎﻀﻘﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ تﺎﻳﻻو ﻲﻓ ﻊﺳاو قﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا لﻮﻔﻟا عرﺰﻳ depending on seed size, germination percentage, and soil condi-
ﹸ
ﹰ
Grown widely in areas like Gedaref and North Kordofan, ground- ،ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﺑ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻪﺘﻳز صﻼﺨﺘﺳا نأ ﻻإ .ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳو tions. يواﺼﺎلاو ﺋﻐتاﺊﻈلا ﺋﺸاﺑﺿلا
nut is a key oilseed crop. Yet, its oil is typically extracted using ﻲﻓاﺮﺘﺣا ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟ ﻊﻀﺨﻳ نأ نود Weed Management ـب ىﺦﻌﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،تاتاﺊﻈلا ﻆﻐب تاﺸاسملا ىﻂﺲ ىﻂﺑملا ﺋﺸاﺑﺿلا ﺛمﺎﺳت:
traditional methods, with little to no advanced re�ining. Weed control methods include: ﻃﺠ 45×80 :يرطملا عاطﺼلا ﻎﺸو ناﺛﺸ/تاﺊﻇ 23,300 ﻃﺠ 30×60 :يورملا عاطﺼلا ﻎﺸ
Groundnut oil is rich in unsaturated fats but often contains ﺐﺋاﻮﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﻪﻨﻜﻟ ،ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻟا ﺮﻴﻏ نﻮﻫﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻏ ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا لﻮﻔﻟا ﺖﻳز Recommended herbicides: Ronstar, Stomp, Dual ناﺛﺸ/تاﺊﻇ 11,700
impurities and free fatty acids that require chemical or enzymat- ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻨﻟا تاﺪﺣﻮﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳو .ﻲﻤﻳﺰﻧﻷا وأ ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﺘﺴﺗ ةﺮﺣ ضﺎﻤﺣأو Manual weeding after 3–4 weeks of planting ﻆﻐب حوارﺎﻏ يواﺼﺎلا لﺛﺳﻄ نأ ىﺲارُ ﻏو:
ﹰ
ﹼ ﹸ ﹰ
ic re�ining. Mobile re�ining units could be an interim solution to جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟا بﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﻴﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻼﺣ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ نأ Mechanical cultivation in rows using inter-row weeders
bring re�ining closer to production zones. ﹰ The best results are achieved when these methods are integrat- 1.6–2.6 ﺋﺊسﻇو ،روﺜﺊلا ﻃﺔﺖ ﺈسﺗب يرطملا ناﺛﺸ/ﻃﺔﺾ 1.7–1.0و يورملا) ناﺛﺸ/ﻃﺔﺾ
Sesame: Export Giant in Need of Local Value Addition ﺎﻴﻠﺤﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻰﻟإ جﺎﺘﺤﻳ يﺮﻳﺪﺼﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ :ﻢﺴﻤﺴﻟا ed, depending on weed type and density. ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋﺳﻐﺊﺬو ،تاﺊﻇ�ا.
ﹰ
ﹸ
Sudan is a top global exporter of sesame seeds, but most of the ،مﺎﺨﻟا روﺬﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﺨﺿ تﺎﻴﻤﻛ رﺪﺼﻳو ،ﺎﻴﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﻢﺴﻤﺴﻟا ﻲﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﺒﻛأ ﻦﻣ نادﻮﺴﻟا Irrigation and Fertilization ﺢئاﺤﺗلا ﺋﺗﺸاﺿﻄ
ﹰ
oil produced locally does not go through modern industrial ﺖﻳز .ﺚﻳﺪﺣ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟ ﺐﻟﺎﻐﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺨﻳ ﻻ ﺎﻴﻠﺤﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺴﻤﺴﻟا ﺖﻳز ﻦﻜﻟ The crop requires 6–7 irrigations every 10–14 days. يوﺛﻐلا ﺢﺗلاو لﻌﻏد ،ﺈﻄﻌﺎﺠا ،راﺎسﻇور :ﻀﺑﻄ اﻋب ىﺦﻌملا تاﺛﻐﺊملا : ﺋﻄواﺼملا قرﺬ ﻀمﺤت
re�ining. Sesame oil is naturally pure but still needs processes ﹰ Sun�lower is a heavy nutrient feeder, especially requiring ﻀﺪﺸأو ﺋﺻزاﺲ تﻗآ ماﺛﺚﺎﺠاب ﺋمﺰﺎﻈﻄ فﻌفﺦ ﻎﺸ ﻎل�ا ﺺﻏﺞﺳلاو ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻆﻄ عﻐباﺠأ 4–3 ﺛﺳب
like deodorization and steam treatment to reach international وأ ﺢﺋاوﺮﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ تاﻮﻄﺧ ﻰﻟإ ﺮﻘﺘﻔﻳ ﻪﻨﻜﻟ ،ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻘﻧ ﻪﺘﻌﻴﺒﻄﺑ ﻢﺴﻤﺴﻟا nitrogen.
food and cosmetic standards. رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟا In rainfed systems, fertilizer response is weak ﺢئاﺤﺗلا عﻌﻇو ﺋﺸاﺑﺾ ﺈسﺖ قرطلا هﺜﻊ ﻀﻄاﺿت ﺛﻈﺲ ﺺﺼﺗﺎت ﺒئاﺎﻈلا.
Continuous re�ining systems can boost productivity and consis- ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻞﻫﺆﺗ ،ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ةدﻮﺟو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧإ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺢﻤﺴﺗو In irrigated systems, yields may increase by up to 40% when ﺛﻐمسﺎلاو يرلا
tency, positioning Sudanese sesame oil in premium markets. moisture is suf�icient اً ﻄﻌﻏ 14–10 ﻀﺾ لﺛﺳمب تاﻏر 7–6 ىلإ لﻌﺧﺗملا جاﺎﺗﻏ.
Untapped Potential: Canola, Castor, and Cottonseed ﻞﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟا تاﺮﻀﺤﺘﺴﻣو ﺔﻴﻗاﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا In rainfed systems, do not exceed 18 kg nitrogen/feddan due to ﻆﻐجورﺎﻐﻈلا ﺋﺦاخ ،ﺋﺸاﺑﺿب ﺋﻐئاﺜغ رﺦاﻈﺲ كﻂﻋﺎسﻏ ﺟمﺤلا ةرﻊز.
Canola: Promising winter crop, needing better seed access and ﻦﻄﻘﻟا روﺬﺑو ،عوﺮﺨﻟا ،ﻻﻮﻧﺎﻜﻟا :ﺔﻨﻣﺎﻛ صﺮﻓ weather risk
ﹰ
value chain investment. ﻞﺳﻼﺳو ﺔﻨﺴﺤﻤﻟا روﺬﺒﻟا ﻲﻓ ارﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳا ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ،ءﺎﺘﺸﻟا ﻢﺳاﻮﻤﻟ ﺪﻋاو لﻮﺼﺤﻣ :ﻻﻮﻧﺎﻜﻟا Pests and Diseases 40% ىلإ ﻀﺧت ﺛﺼﺸ يورملا ﻎﺸ اﻄأ ،ﺛﻐمسﺎﻂل ﺋفﻐﺳض ﺋباﺔﺎﺠﻗا نﻌﺿت ،ﺋﻏرطملا عﻏراﺤملا ﻎﺸ
Castor: Valuable in pharmacy and cosmetics, requires high-preci- While sun�lower is relatively resistant, it may be affected by: ﺋبﻌﺬرلا رﺸﻌت ﺛﻈﺲ جاﺎﻇ�ا ﻎﺸ ةداﻏز.
sion re�ining to remove harmful compounds. ﹰ ﹸ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟا Birds, American bollworm (Heliothis armigera), Grasshoppers ﺋﻏرطملا ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻎﺸ ناﺛﺸ/ﻆﻐجورﺎﻐﻇ ﻃﺔﺾ 18 زواﺔﺎب حﺧﻈُ ﻏ ﻗ.
Cottonseed: A byproduct of cotton farming, ideal for industrial ﻲﻟﺎﻋ اﺮﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﻳز ﻦﻜﻟ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋاوﺪﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ :عوﺮﺨﻟا Diseases include: Damping-off, Rust (Puccinia helianthi), Phyllo- ضارﻄﻓاو تاﺸ�ا
oil production if effectively puri�ied. ﺔﺑﻮﻏﺮﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺤﻟا dy (�lower distortion), Stem rot (Sclerotium bataticola)
Toward a National, Sustainable Oil Industry ﹸ ﹰ ﹰ Flowering, Maturity, and Harvest ﺋﻐﺿﻏرﻄﻓا زﻌﻂلا ةدود - رﻌﻐطلا:ﻀﺑﻄ تاﺸآب باﺧُ ﻏ ﺛﺻ ،ةﺛﻐﺔلا هﺎﻄواﺼﻄ ﻃغر (Heliothis
To unlock Sudan’s full oilseed potential, the country must: نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺎﺘﻳز ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ،ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﻦﻣ يﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺞﺗﺎﻧ :ﻦﻄﻘﻟا روﺬﺑ Flowering begins around 40 days after planting armigera) - طاطﻈلا (Grasshopper)
Establish modern re�ining plants near production hubs. ﺔﻣاﺪﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻃو تﻮﻳز ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﻰﻟإ ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟاﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟ جﺎﺘﺤﻳو Maturity is reached in 90–120 days ضارﻄﻓا ﻆﻄو:
Encourage private investment in physical and enzymatic ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ،نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻳﺰﻟا بﻮﺒﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ Signs of maturity: yellowing stems, drooping heads, dry leaves لﻌبﺜلا Damping-off - أﺛﺧلا Rust (Puccinia helianthi) - راﻊزﻓا قرﻌت Phyllody - ﻆفﺳت
re�ining. Hybrid varieties are suitable for mechanical harvesting, while قاسلا Sceleratinum bataticola
Promote contract farming models linking growers and proces- جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ بﺮﻗ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻣ ءﺎﺸﻧإ traditional types require manual harvesting in stages.
sors. ﻲﻤﻳﺰﻧﻷاو ﻲﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﻲﻨﺒﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ صﺎﺨﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ Seed moisture should not exceed 9% during storage to prevent داﺧﺗلاو ﺒﺪﻈلاو راﻊز�ا
Target markets that demand high-purity oils. ﻦﻴﻌﻨﺼﻤﻟاو ﻦﻴﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻳﺪﻗﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻢﻋد spoilage. :داﺧﺗلا تارﺣﺂﻄ،اً ﻄﻌﻏ 120–90 لﻘخ ﺒﺪﻈلا ﻀمﺎﺿﻏو ،ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻆﻄ اً ﻄﻌﻏ 40 ﺛﺳب راﻊز�ا أﺛﺊﻏ
Ensure compliance with international standards like ISO and ﹰ Crop Rotation اً ﻏوﺛﻏو ،ﺋمﺰﺎﻈملا ﻆﺔﻋلا ﻎﺸ اً ﻐلآ داﺧﺗلا ﻃﺎﻏو قاروﻓا فافج ،صرﺼلا ءاﻈﺗﻇا ،ناﺼﻐسلا رارفﺦا
HACCP. ءﺎﻘﻨﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺎﺗﻮﻳز ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا قاﻮﺳﻷا فاﺪﻬﺘﺳا It is recommended not to grow sun�lower on the same land for ﺷﺳلا يدافﺎل ﻆﻏﺞﺚﺎلا ﺛﻈﺲ 9% روﺜﺊلا ﺋبﻌﺬر زواﺔﺎت ﻗأ ﺈﺔﻏ امﺾ،ﺋﻏﺛﻐﻂﺼﺎلا فاﻈﺦﻓا ﻎﺸ اً ﻐﺔﻏرﺛت
Conclusion ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺮﻴﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ لﺎﺜﺘﻣﻻا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ISO وHACCP 4–5 years, due to:
In a world of rising food prices and growing demand for healthy ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺧ High nutrient extraction from the soil, Increased risk of recur- ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ةروﺛلا
oils, Sudan has a historic opportunity to move from raw crop ring pests and diseases ﺈﺊسب ،تاﻌﻈﺠ ﺟمخ ىلإ عبرﻓ ضرﻓا ﺟفﻇ ﻎﺸ ﺟمﺤلا ةرﻊز ﺋﺲارز مﺛﺲ هب ىﺦﻌملا ﻆﻄ
exporter to high-value oil producer. Oilseeds are truly gold ﺔﺻﺮﻓ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻚﻠﻤﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟا تﻮﻳﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﻠﻄﻟاو ءاﺬﻐﻟا رﺎﻌﺳأ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ ﻢﻟﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ Integrating sun�lower into crop rotation: ضارﻄﻓاب ﺋباﺦ�ا رارﺿت لامﺎﺖاو ﺋبرﺎﻂل ﻎلاﺳلا هﺸاﺞﻈﺎﺠا.
waiting to be claimed and time is running out for those who نإ .ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ تاذ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻴﻟوأ تﺎﻣﺎﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا هدراﻮﻣ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺨﻳرﺎﺗ Reduces pest pressure, Enhances soil fertility, Allows optimal ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋبﻌﺧخ ﻆﻐسﺗتو تاﺸ�ا راﺤﺎﻇا ﻀﻐﻂﺼت:ىﻂﺲ ﺛﺲاسﻏ ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ةروﺛلا ﻎﺸ هلاخدإ
hesitate. ﹲ ﹰ use of existing farm inputs and equipment
ﻦﻳددﺮﺘﻤﻟا ﺮﻈﺘﻨﻳ ﻻ ﻦﻣﺰﻟاو ﻪﻄﻘﺘﻠﻳ ﻦﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻲﻓ ﺐﻫذ ﺎﻘﺣ ﺔﻴﺘﻳﺰﻟا بﻮﺒﺤﻟا ﺋﺾرﺎﺤملا تﻘخﺛملاو تاﺛﺳملا ﻆﻄ ةدافﺎﺠﻗاو
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF S AF
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I