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Speaking Practice

Kinds of Courts
Courts can be identified by the types of cases they handle:

• The Religious Court is specifically for Muslims who wish to
file a case regarding divorce, inheritance, marriage, etc.,
regulated in Islam. For non-Muslims, cases such as divorce
will be handled in the District Court.
• The Military Court has the authority to try criminal cases committed by the Military (TNI
soldiers) with the rank of Captain and below who have committed criminal acts (crimes)
or violations while still on active duty and or people who are subject to the Military Court
authority based on the Law on Military Courts.
• The District Court has the authority to examine, decide and resolve criminal and civil
cases for justice seekers in general. This court is also addressed to the general public and
accepts criminal and civil cases.
• Tax Court. You can report it here if you feel you have paid taxes but are still being billed.
Conversely, tax evaders can also be tried here.
• The State Administrative Court. If you need help with the state, this court is the right
place to seek justice. For example, if you have a problem with a state institution, such as a
school/university, you can also sue it in court at your city or district level.
• Supreme Court. It has the function of adjudicating a case of final appeal, and its decision
is final. This is the highest court after the District Court and High Court. Parties
dissatisfied and dissatisfied at the high court level can file an appeal here.
• Constitutional Court. It is obliged to render a decision based on the opinion of the
People's Representative Council that the President and Vice President have violated the
law, has acted disgracefully, or have not met the requirements of the President and Vice
President as referred to in the 1945 Constitution.
• The Anti-Corruption Court. This court was formed in every district court domiciled in the
provincial capital, specifically for corruptors.

Exercise 3. Work in small groups.

1 Describe the different types of court in your jurisdiction and the areas of law they deal
.
with.
2 Select one type of court in your jurisdiction and explain what kinds of cases it deals with.
.
Reading Practice

The Sources of Constitutional Law

Constitutional law sources are the fundamental building blocks that shape and define
a country’s legal framework. These sources provide the principles, rules, and guidelines
governing the government's and its citizens' relationship. Understanding the various sources
of constitutional law is crucial for any student of law students the foundation for interpreting
and applying the law in a constitutional context.

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