Page 98 - English for Constitutional Law

Exercise 5. Summary the text below in your own words.

The Origins of the Science of State

One of the earliest known examples of the science of state can be found in ancient
Mesopotamia, where city-states like Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria flourished. These
civilizations recognized the importance of organized governance and developed
administrative systems to maintain order and stability. The rulers of these city-states sought
knowledge and wisdom to effectively govern their people, leading to the emergence of a
rudimentary form of the state’s science.

In ancient China, the philosophy of Confucianism played a significant role in the
development of the state’s science. Confucius, a Chinese philosopher and politician,
emphasized the importance of moral leadership and ethical governance. His teachings,
recorded in texts such as the Analects, laid the foundation for the principles of good
governance and the study of the science of state in Chinese societ .
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Overall, the origins of the science of state can be found in the early civilizations that
recognized the need for organized governance and sought knowledge and wisdom to rule
their states effectively. From ancient Mesopotamia to ancient China, the principles and
practices of the science of state have evolved, shaping how governments are run and societies
are governed.

Grammar Practice

Prepositions

Prepositions play a crucial role in legal documents, as they help to establish the
relationships between different elements within a sentence. By indicating the position,
direction, or time of an action or event, prepositions ensure clarity and precision in legal
writing. Understanding the correct usage of prepositions is essential for lawyers, paralegals,
and anyone drafting or interpreting legal documents.
One example of a preposition commonly used in legal documents is "in." This
preposition is often employed to specify the location or jurisdiction of a court, such as "The
case will be heard in the Federal Court." Another frequently used preposition is "of," which
indicates possession or the relationship between parties involved in a legal matter. For
instance, "The rights of the accused must be respected during the trial." The preposition "to"
is commonly used to express direction or purpose, as in "The contract was signed to protect
the interests of both parties."

Additionally, the preposition "on" is commonly used in legal documents to indicate
time or location. When used to express time, "on" is often found in phrases like "on or before
the due date" or "on the tenth day of the month." In these cases, "on" establishes the reference
time or date. When used to indicate location, "on" is often seen in phrases like "on the
premises" or "on the property." These phrases clarify the physical location or place within the
legal document. While 'at' is used to pinpoint a particular location.

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