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supervisors' union operating within the same establishment may join the same
federation or national union.

ART. 256. [245-A] Effect of Inclusion as Members of Employees Outside the
Bargaining Unit. 198 The inclusion as union members of employees outside the
bargaining unit shall not be a ground for the cancellation of the registration of the
union. Said employees are automatically deemed removed from the list of
membership of said union.

ART. 257. [246] Non-Abridgment of Right to Self-Organization. 199 It shall be
unlawful for any person to restrain, coerce, discriminate against or unduly interfere
with employees and workers in their exercise of the right to self-organization. Such
right shall include the right to form, join, or assist labor organizations for the purpose
of collective bargaining through representatives of their own choosing and to
engage in lawful concerted activities for the same purpose for their mutual aid and
protection, subject to the provisions of Article 264 of this Code.

Title VI UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES

Chapter I CONCEPT

ART. 258. [247] Concept of Unfair Labor Practice and Procedure for
Prosecution Thereof. 200 Unfair labor practices violate the constitutional right of
workers and employees to self-organization, are inimical to the legitimate interests
of both labor and management, including their right to bargain collectively and
otherwise deal with each other in an atmosphere of freedom and mutual respect,
disrupt industrial peace and hinder the promotion of healthy and stable labor-
management relations.

Consequently, unfair labor practices are not only violations of the civil rights of
both labor and management but are also criminal offenses against the State which
shall be subject to prosecution and punishment as herein provided.

Subject to the exercise by the President or by the Secretary of Labor and
Employment of the powers vested in them by Articles 263 and 264 of this Code, 201
the civil aspects of all cases involving unfair labor practices, which may include claims

affirmative relief, shall be under the jurisdiction of the Labor Arbiters. The Labor

198
As inserted by Sec. 9 of R.A. No. 9481 (2007).

199
As amended by B.P. Blg. 70 (1980). Art. 264 has been renumbered as Art. 279.

200
As amended by B.P. Blg. 70 (1980). The third paragraph was later further amended by Sec. 19 of R.A. No. 6715 (1989).

201 Renumbered as Arts. 278 and 279, respectively.

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