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Plagiarism is aformofpiracywhich is defined astheappropriationof ideas,dataormethodswithoutadequate
permission oracknowledgement fromtheowners.
f. SubmissionofManuscriptsforJournal Publications
ThesubmissionofmanuscriptsshallbeguidedbyanInstructionofAuthors thatmaybeperiodicallyupdateddepending
onthe focus andissue of the R&DJournal. However,the following style guide maybe used as basis in submitting manuscripts
forjournalpublications:
1) Manuscripts
Manuscriptsshouldbesubmittedinahardcopywithelectroniccopy,orthroughelectronicmail. TheFollowing
contentformatshall beobserved:
 Title
 Author/s
 Abstract
 Keywords
 Introduction
 Methodology
 ResultsandDiscussions
 Acknowledgment, particularly funding source (when applicable)
 Referencescited
2) Unitsofmeasure
Use measurements and weights in the decimal system rather than fractions. The International Units
(metric) systemshouldbeadopted.The%sign is usedwith numerals; otherwise, spell out percent or percentage.
Otherabbreviations andacronymsmaybeusedif earlier identified in thepaper.
3) Title
Agood title briefly identifies the subject, indicates the purpose of the study and contains key words, and
should beasshortaspossible. Thescientific namesofcrops should beusedwherepossible.
4) Abstract
the abstract must be completely self-explanatory. It must be very brief and includes the reasons for
conducting the study, objectives, methods used, results and conclusion. The abstract should be capable of
“standing alone” that describesthewhole study. Agoodlength foranabstract is 300words.
5) ResultsandDiscussion
The results and discussions highlight the contribution of the authors to the science or existing body of
knowledge covered bythe scientific paper.Although it should bebrief, it mustbeconcise, precise, thorough and
factual. The presentation of the results and discussions may be integrated, i.e. the results are presented and
discussedimmediatelythereafter. Onthe other hand,all the results maybe presentedsequentiallyfollowed byan
integrated discussion of the previously presented results. The author(s) may use either of the formats, however,
thelatteris preferred fortheUniversity R&DJournal.
6) References
References should be arranged alphabetically by senior authors’ surname. They should include names
ofall authors,complete title, publication, volumenumberandinclusive pagesofreferences citedin thestudy.
7) Tablesandfigures
The numbering of tables andfigures should be in separate consecutive order. Insert each table or figure
rightafterorwithin its textual discussion.
8) Abbreviations andsymbols
Asentence should not start with an abbreviation. Months accompanied bydayand year are abbreviated
usingthefirst threelettersexcept May,JuneandJuly.
9) Reportingtimeanddates