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International Conference on

Recent Trends in Environmental Sustainability

ESCON22/SWMR/07
Pressmud and farmyard manure alleviate toxicity of RedS3B textile dye and improve
yield of wheat irrigated with the dye-contaminated water at different growth stages

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Muhammad Imran , Muhammad Ashraf and Abdul Rasul Awan
1 Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology,
Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Correspondence: imran1631@gmail.com;muhammad.imran@niab.org.pk

Abstract
The study assessed the impact of pressmud (PM) and farmyard manure (FYM) to alleviate
toxicity of RedS3B textile dye and improve yield of wheat irrigated with RedS3B polluted
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water at different growth stages. Pressmud and FYM rates were used at 0 and 10 g kg soil,
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whereas RedS3B (500 mg kg ) was added to soil with 1 (RedS3B-I1) and 2 irrigation
(RedS3B-I1). Tap-water irrigation (RedS3B-Ic) was used as control. It was found that RedS3-
I1 decreased plant height, tillers, straw biomass, and grain yield by 33, 15, 34 and 40%,
respectively compared to RedS3B-Ic on un-amended soils. However, the effect of RedS3-I2
was found non-significant. The addition of PM and FYM to soils significantly improved
growth and yield, with all RedS3B treatments, compared to respective controls, but PM proved
a better amendment. It was noteworthy that PM more decreased the dye content than FYM.
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Pressmud lowered RedS3B from 31 to 12 and 67 to 19 mg kg soil, whereas FYM decreased
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it from 31 to 22 and 67 to 26 mg kg in soils irrigated with RedS3B-I1 and RedS3B-I2,
respectively. Moreover, both PM and FYM application did increase soil available P and K
contents, and their response was similar with different RedS3B treatments. By applying PM
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and FYM available P increased from 8.5 to 61.7 and 19.72 mg kg soil, whereas available K
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from 157 to 166 and 232 mg kg soil, respectively than control. In contrast to soil available P
and K contents, their uptake in grains was reduced by 34 and 43%, respectively with RedS3B-
I1. The addition of PM and FYM resulted in higher grain uptake of both nutrients. Thus, it is
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concluded that RedS3B exhibited high toxicity to wheat if applied with 1 irrigation, however
application of PM and FYM improved yield of wheat through reduced toxicity and increased
nutrient uptake.
Keywords: Water-extractable RedS3B dye; Phyto-toxicity; Nutrient uptake; Pressmud;
Farmyard manure

Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus

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