Page 106 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 The frozen part of the hydrosphere has its own name, the Cryosphere.
 The hydrologic cycle is a conceptual model that describes the storage and movement of
water between the biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and the hydrosphere.
 Water on this planet can be stored in any one of the following reservoirs: Atmosphere,
Oceans, Lakes, Rivers, Soils, Glaciers, Snow fields, and Groundwater.
 Water moves from one reservoir to another by way of processes like evaporation,
condensation, precipitation, deposition, runoff, infiltration, sublimation, transpiration and
melting and groundwater flow.
Biosphere

 The biosphere is the layer of the planet Earth where life exists.
 The term ‗biosphere‘ is also used to describe a self-contained ecosystem such as the
biospheres that are being tested for the future colonization of Mars.
 It is composed of all living organisms.
 Plants, animals, and one-celled organisms are all part of the biosphere.
 Most of the planet‘s life is found from three meters below the ground.
 The biosphere is made up of biomes.
II. RIVERS
 A river is a large, natural stream of flowing water.
 Rivers are found on every continent and on nearly every kind of land.
 The river system of India can be divided into four:
 The Himalayan Rivers
 Peninsular rivers
 Coastal rivers
 Rivers of the inland drainage basin.
 Rivers of India carry 16, 83000 million cubic meters of water per year.

 All rivers are east-flowing except the Narmada and the Tapti which are west-flowing.
 The Himalayan Rivers are perennial.
 During the monsoon, the Himalayas receive very heavy rainfall and the rivers often cause floods.
 During summer the rivers are snow fed.
 The peninsular rivers are generally rain-fed.
 The coastal streams, especially off the west coast, are short in length and have limited
catchment areas.
 The streams of the inland drainage basin of Western Rajasthan are few and far between.
 Most of them are in ephemeral character having no outlet to the sea.
 The Ganga basin carries water to one quarter of the total area of the country.
 The Ganga is joined by a number of Himalayan Rivers, including the Yamuna, Ghaghara,
Gomati, Gandak and Kosi.
 The Godavari in the southern peninsula has the second largest river basin in the country
covering 10% of the area of India.

 The Krishna and the Mahanadi basins are the second and third largest in the peninsula
respectively.
 The basins of the Narmada and Cauvery are of about the same size.
 Two other river systems, which are small but agriculturally important, are those of the Tapti
in the north and the Pennar in the south.

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