Page 303 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas, and to
some extent, plastic solids.

Properties related with fluid pressure
Fluid Pressure
 The pressure applied by the fluid on the bottom and walls of the vessel is called fluid
pressure.
 Liquid pressure at a point at the depth h below the free surface of liquid is p = hdg.
 Total liquid pressure= atmospheric pressure + hdg.
 Normal atmospheric pressure is 76 cm of height of mercury.
 The change in the density with pressure is given by

( )

Where, p = Difference in pressure
k = Bulk modulus of Liquid Pressure
 Laws of Liquid Pressure
 The pressure inside a liquid is same at every point on the same horizontal plane.
 The pressure exerted by the liquid is normal to any surface with which the liquid is in
contact.
 The pressure at any point within the liquid is independent of shape of liquid surface as
well as the area of liquid surface.
Density of matter
 Density is the quantity of mass in a unit of volume.
 It is the distinguishing property of matter.
 Each matter has its own density.
3
 Representation of density is d; unit of it is g/cm .
 Formula of density;

Density of mixtures
 Mixtures include at least two different matters.
 If the matters are homogeneously mixed than we called them homogeneous mixtures,
 On the contrary if they do not mixed homogeneously we called them heterogeneous
mixtures.
 Matter 1: has mass m1 and volume V1
 Matter 2: has mass m2 and Volume V2
 Matter n: has mass mn and Volume Vn
 Density = mass/volume
 If we have more than one substance;

6. HEAT
 Heat is a form of energy called thermal energy which flows from a higher temperature body
to a lower temperature body when they are placed in contact.

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