Page 46 - General Knowledge
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GENERAL KNOWLEDGE                                                                               2019



                  In 1528, Battle of Chanderi, defeated another ruler Medini Raj.
                  In 1529, Battle of Ghaghra, he defeated Afghans under Muhammed Lodhi.
                  Died  in  1530.  His  biography  was  written  in  Turkish  language  as  ‗Tuzuk-i-Baburi  or
                    Baburnamah‘.
            Humayun (1530-40 & 1555-56)

                  Born in 1507 in Kabul, son of Babur and Mahim Begum.
                          th
                  On 29  December 1530, became the Mughal emperor at the age of 23.
                  Divided the Empire among his three brothers – Askari, Hindal and Kamran.
                  In 1539, Battle of Chausa, he was defeated for the first time by Shershah Suri.
                  In 1540, Shershah defeated Humayun in the battle of Kanauj and founded Sur dynasty.
                  The period from 1540 to 1555 – known as the period of temporary eclipse.
                  His biography was written by his sister, Gulbadan Begum as ‗Humayun Namah‘.
                  Built Dinpanah in Delhi on 1533.

            Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
                  Jalaluddin Muhammed Akbar, son of Humayun and Hamida Banu Begum.
                  Born in Amarkot in 1542.
                                                                         th
                  At Kalanur, age of 14 he came to the throne on 14  February, 1556.
                                                                          nd
                  In the second battle of Panipat he killed Hemu on 2  November 1556.
                  After dismissing Bairamkhan, he became an independent ruler in 1560.
                  Later he married Salima Begum.
                  In 1561, defeated Baz Bahadur, Sultan of Malwa.
                  In 1562, he married Joda Bhai, daughter of Raja Bharmal.
                  In 1572, captured Gujarat and built new capital city Fathepur Sikri (city of victory) near
                    Agra.
                  In 1575, constructed prayer house Ibadatkhana, in Fathepur Sikri.
                  In 1585, Ralph Fitch visited his court.
                  In 1576 he defeated Maharana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighat.
                  Died in 1605.
                  Maintained scholastic assembly in his court. They are as follows:
                  Abul  Fazul:  Historian  who  wrote  Akbar‘s  biographical  works  Ain-i-Akbari  and  Akbar
                    Namah
                  Abul Faizi: Abul‘s brother and Persian poet. Translated Mahabharata as ‗Razam Namah‘
                    in Persian.
                  Mian  Tansen:  Court  musician,  Ramtanu  was  his  original  name.  Composed  Raga,
                    Rajdarbari in honour of Akbar.
                  Birbal: Akbar‘s court jesterwhose real name was Mahesh Das.
                  Raja Todar Mal: Akbar‘s finance minister. Translated Bhagavata Purna into Persian.
                  Man Singh: Military commander of Akbar‘s court.
                  Badauni: Historian who translated Ramayana into Persian.
                  Tulsidas: Hindi poet who wrote Ramacharitamanas.
            Jahangir (1605 – 1627)
                  Salim was his earlier name, Akbar called him Sheik Baba.
                  In 1605, he came to the throne.
                  He was the son of Akbar and Jodabai.





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