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10.1 Gerunds as Subjects and Objects

Gerund as Subject Gerund as Object
Gerund Verb Subject Verb Gerund

Swimming is fun. I dislike camping.
Not sleeping was difficult. He has stopped working.

1. A gerund is the base form of a verb + -ing.* A Subject: Running is my favorite activity.
gerund acts like a noun. It can be the subject Object: I enjoy running.
or the object of a sentence.
2. When a gerund or gerund phrase (gerund + ✓ Making new friends takes time.
object) is the subject of a sentence, the verb is ✗ Making new friends take time.
always in the third-person singular.

3. These are some common verbs that can be They avoided answering the question.
followed by gerunds:** I have finished washing the dishes.
avoid enjoy like We miss seeing you.
consider finish mind What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
dislike keep miss

4. Put not before a gerund to make it negative. We considered not going to the party.
5. Go + gerund is used in many expressions about Did you go running today?
activities. Last week, I went swimming in the ocean.
go camping go hiking go skiing They are going shopping at the mall.
go dancing go shopping go swimming

*See page A1 for spelling rules for verbs ending in -ing.

**See page A5 for a longer list of verbs followed by gerunds.

4 Complete each sentence with the gerund form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Jason deCaires Taylor enjoys diving (dive).
2. (swim) around The Silent Evolution has become very popular.

3. We considered (visit) Isla Mujeres.

4. Jerry enjoyed (see) the underwater sculptures.

5. The divers avoided (touch) the coral reefs.

6. (take) photos underwater isn’t easy.

7. We dislike (go) to the beach when it’s crowded.

8. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (wait) for you.

5 WRITE & SPEAK. Complete the statements with a gerund. Use your own ideas. Then share
your statements with a partner.
1. Skiing is my favorite sport. 3. is difficult.

2. I enjoy . 4. I dislike .

266 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
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