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1. Elastic Solution for Piles Embedded in
Granular Soil

by Matlock and Reese (1960).

This method is used mainly for determining
moments and displacements of a vertical pile
embedded in a granular soil and subjected to
lateral load and moment at the ground surface
but it can be also used for cohesive soils.

According to a simpler Winkler’s model, an
elastic medium (soil in this case) can be
replaced by a series of infinitely close
independent elastic springs.

Fig. 2 (a) Laterally loaded pile; (b) soil resistance on pile caused by lateral
load; (c) sign conventions for displacement, slope, moment, shear, and soil
reaction

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