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from the ground, while the mantle consists mostly of igneous and metamorphic
rocks, which is the original rocky layer or called the bedrock

4- Biosphere
It is the space in which life exists and extends from the greatest depth in which
there is life to the highest height in which life exists in the mountains, where the
average thickness is 14 km. It includes all living things and parts of the earth's
crust and the lower layers of the atmosphere.

5- Interior of the earth (the core of the earth)
The thickness of this cover is about 3475 km
It is divided into two parts, the first being the post-mantle in a liquid state,
followed by rocks in a solid state to the center of the Earth
These substances or liquid minerals can come out to the surface through fissures
and volcanoes
It is not possible to predict all types of minerals in this atmosphere, but we know
some of them from igneous and metamorphic rocks that reach the surface

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