Page 122 - Community pharmcy practice E-book 2025

02/11/2025, 00:29

2. Allergic Rhinitis

Etiology
• Allergic Rhinitis is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction of the nasal mucosa in
response to inhaled allergens (such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, mould).
• It may be seasonal (e.g., pollen) or perennial (year-round exposure e.g., dust mites, pet
dander).
• Genetic predisposition (atopy, asthma, eczema) plus environmental exposure.
• Pharmacist role: assess causative allergens/triggers, aid in avoidance strategies, guide
suitable OTC therapies/when to refer.

Symptoms
• Key nasal symptoms: sneezing, clear watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal
congestion/obstruction.
• Often associated with ocular symptoms (itchy/watery/red eyes), postnasal drip, throat
clearing, fatigue, impaired sleep/concentration.
• Symptoms are usually persistent or recurrent, often correlate to allergen exposure, rather
than the short-viral course of a cold.

Referral Cases
Pharmacist should refer for medical evaluation if:
• Suspected secondary cause (e.g., polyps, sinusitis, deviated septum) or when symptoms
are severe and uncontrolled despite OTC therapy.
• Signs of complications: persistent sinus infections, otitis media, asthma exacerbation
associated with allergic rhinitis.
• Unusual or atypical presentation (e.g., unilateral symptoms, bleeding, suspected tumour)
or first onset in older age.
• For special populations (pregnancy, children, severe comorbidities) needing specialist
input.

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