Page 75 - Community pharmcy practice E-book 2025

02/11/2025, 00:10 Otic & Ophthalmic Disorders | Dermatological Disorders

Ophthalmic disorders

Introduction

Many common conditions that cause ocular discomfort are minor and self-limiting. However, in some
instances, relatively mild symptoms may be associated with severe, potentially vision-threatening conditions.
Today's pharmacists offer the best possible guidance for patients who seek help in choosing between self-
treatment and professional medical care.

Anatomy and physiology of eye

Sclera: protective outer layer of the eye (white of the eye). It maintains the shape of the eye.
Cornea: front portion of the sclera. It is transparent and allows light to enter the eye.
Iris: part of the eye that gives it its color.
Lens: transparent, biconvex structure. It focuses incoming light onto the retina
Conjunctiva: mucous membrane that lines the inside surface of the eyelids and cover the sclera. It
lubricates the eye.

Self-treatable ophthalmic disorders

Self-treatable ophthalmic disorders primarily are those affecting:
✓ The eyelids;
✓ A few disorders and conditions involving the eye surface, also may be responsive to self-treatment.

Careful assessment is important, especially with evolving or persistent symptoms, to rule out more
complicated disorders or conditions that may necessitate referral to an eye care specialist.

Self-treatable disorders and conditions involving the eye surface include:
1. Dry eye disease.
2. Allergic conjunctivitis.
3. Minor eye irritation.
4. Corneal edema of known etiology (Require a specialist diagnosis before self-treatment).

Once the diagnosis is established, patients can use topical hyperosmotic formulations to treat corneal edema.

74