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To summarize, chloroplasts are the organelles where the two stages of
photosynthesis take place.
Stroma is a dense fluid with in the chloroplast and it is the site of
conversion of carbon dioxide to sugar.
Thylakoids are flattened sac-like, membrane structures inside
chloroplasts. They consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding
a thylakoid lumen.
Grana are dense layered stacks of thylakoid sacs. Both thylakoids and
grana are sites of conversion of light energy to chemical energy.
Figure 9. Chloroplast diagram and electron microscope image
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