Page 64 - Clinical Biochemistry

- Genes that are less active produce fewer mRNAs, thus less labelled cDNA, which results in
dimmer fluorescent spots.
- If there is no fluorescence, none of mRNA molecules have hybridized to the DNA,
indicating that the gene is inactive.

Applications of microarrays
• Quantitative assessment of gene expression.
• Detection of mutations and polymorphisms.
• DNA sequencing.
• Study of protein expression and protein-protein interactions.
• Investigation of new biomarkers/tumor markers.

Objectives:

By the end of this chapter, the student should identify the applications of ELISA,
restriction fragment length polymorphisms, the use of microsatellites in DNA
fingerprinting, applications of DNA fingerprinting and DNA Microarrays.

Chapter 7:
Pharmacogenomics

Outlines:

• The utility of pharmacogenetics
• Mutations in genes involved in metabolism of some drugs.
• Types of Polymorphism
• Methods of polymorphism detection

Pharmacogenomic biomarkers for personalised liver diseases treatment: current and
future prospectives

Precision medicine

It is more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease
a person has.” Hippocrates (460 BC – 370 BC)