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tumor localization) ,And neurology (e.g. cerebral perfusion ) ,also
used for infection imaging & nephrology .

Radiopharmaceuticals are useful to evaluate a patient’s response to

Drug therapy & surgery. The agent can detect early changes in

Physiological function that come before morphological or
biochemical end points ,e.g. lung perfusion imaging using 99m Tc
macroaggregated

Albumin particles to detect pulmonary embolism .Once the
embolism

Is confirmed & thrombolytic and/or anticoagulant therapy initiated ,

This lung perfusing agent can be administered again to evaluate its
resolution with drug therapy. Cardiac radionuclide ventriculograms
using 99m Tc labeled red blood cells are performed to assess left
ventricular function (e.g. ejection fraction ,regional wall motion ) to
evaluate the effect of surgery (e.g. coronary artery bypass grafts
,valve repair )or the response to drug therapy .Also ,a 99m Tc ejection
fraction study can be performed to assess the benefits of heart
medications, such as digoxin.

Radiopharmaceuticals also find utility to help monitor drug therapy

Including toxicity study e.g. the ability of doxorubicin to cause
irreversible heart failure is known & the cumulative dose of this drug
should not exceed 550mg/m2.

2-As Diagnostic agents and Tracers

a- The Dose of radiation administered to the patients or normal
healthy volunteers should be as low as possible

b- Maintaining accuracy & sensitivity of analytical detection.

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