Page 10 - Pharm.Org.Chem-I 02-06-05-101

Valency

The number of electrons an atom must lose or gain to
attain the nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

2px1 2py1 2pz
2s2
promotion

2px1 2py1 2pz1
2s1
Thus C is tetravalent

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2p 1 2p 1 2pz1 sp3
sp2
x y

2s1 sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3

2px1 2py1 2pz1 2py
sp2 sp2 sp2

2s1

2p 1 2p 1 2p 1 sp

x y z 2py 2pz

sp sp

2s1 This is called Hybridization

Energy level of hybridized orbitals is between that of s and p orbitals

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