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2- Indehiscent Fruits: These are usually one-seeded and do not open when
ripe. They include:

a. Achene:Derived from one superior carpel; its pericarp is thin and not
fused with the testa; found usually in groups, e.g. Hops.

b. Caryopsis or grain: as in achene but the pericarp is fused with the

testa e.g. wheat. c- Nut: As achene but larger and harder, e.g. Nut.

3- Schizocarpic Fruits: These are bi-or multi-locular fruits with 2 to many
seeds. On ripening they split up into one- seeded indehiscent parts.

They include:

a. Lomentum: It is either a legume or siliqua modified by the formation
of transverse false septa, e.g. Cassia pods.

b. Cremocarp: Derived from an inferior, bicarpellary, bilocular ovary on
ripening, it splits longitudinally into 2 one-seeded indehiscent parts each
part is called mericarp, e.g. fruits of family Apiaceae.

B. Succulent Fruit: They are indehiscent and with fleshy pericarp.

1- Berry: Derived from one or more carpels, superior or inferior, usually many seeded.
Here the endocarpis not woody and may be distinguished as a thin membrane (date) or
may not be distinguished from the mesocarp (Capsicum).

2-Drupe: Derived from unilocular ovary. The epicarp and mesocarp are either juicy, e.g.
Almond or dry e.g. Black pepper, and cocculus. The endocarp is hard woody.

Aggregate Fruits:

These are formed of a collection of fruitlets arranged on a single receptacle. They may be
a group (etaerio) of achenes on a fleshy receptacle, e.g. Strawberry; or a group of follicles
on a dry receptacle, e.g. star anise.

Composite Fruits:

They include:

1- Strobile: It is derived from a scaly inflorescence,in the axil of each scale there may
be one or two acheneal fruits, e.g. hops.

2- Sorosis: It is derived from a spike inflorescence with a fleshy swollen axis and
having the fruits partly embedded in the axis and fused together by the swollen bracts,
e.g. Long pepper.

Microscopical characters of Fruits:

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