Page 16 - Pharmd general phytochemistry I-Final2024_LEUCTERS

The pomade is then extracted three times with alcohol 95% "Triple
extraction", the obtained solution known as "extracts". The extract is
concentrated at low temperature till free from alcohol, the concentrated
flower oil is called "Absolute of enfleurage", "Absolute of pomade" or
"Liquid concretes".

ii. Extraction with hot fat:
The physiological activities of some flowers, ex. roses, are stopped by
picking. So, the flowers are extracted by immersion in hot fat (their cell
membranes ruptured then the hot oil absorbs the essence). The same
batch of hot fat is treated with several batches of fresh flowers until the fat
becomes quite saturated.

4. ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS

The volatile oil may find in the plant in a glycosidal form, the odoriferous
substance is released only by hydrolysis:

Bitter almond oil:

(Glycoside) (Volatile oil)
Winter green oil:

(Glycoside) (Volatile oil)
Black mustard oil:
NC S
N S -glu
Allyl isothiocyanate
+ H2O
(Volatile oil)
OSO3 -K+

Sinigrin

(Glycoside)

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