Page 57 - General Biochemistry

• Mutase- shifting groups from one part of molecule to another

(phosphoglucomutase)

• Carboxylase- adds carboxyl group (pyruvate carboxylase)
• Decarboxylase- removes carboxyl group (pyruvate decarboxylase)
• Oxidases- uses molecular oxygen as electron acceptor (cytochrome c

oxidase)

• Hydroxylase- adds hydroxyl group (steroid hydroxylases)
• Transferase- transfers chemical group from one molecule to another or within

same molecule (fatty acyl transferase)

• Hydrase (hydratase)- adds water to double bond (enoyl CoA hydrase)
• Dehydrase (dehydratase)- removes water (β-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase)

(when making enol, enolase)

• Lyase- splits a molecule often with electronic rearrangment but no water

involvement (citrate lyase)

• Ligase- creates a new chemical bond joining two molecules with electronic

rearrangement and no water involvement

• Phosphorylase- cleaves bond with incorporation of phosphate into the product

(glycogen phosphorylase)

• Pyrophosphorylase- cleaves bond yielding pyrophosphate as one of the

products (UDPG pyrophosphorylase)

• Synthetase- synthesizes product using nucleotide triphosphate (ATP) as

substrate (fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

• Synthase- synthesizes product without ATP requirement (HMGCoA synthase)

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