Page 50 - phytochemistry I - PharmD Clinical

sponge becomes saturated and periodically squeezed in a vessel.
The upper oily layer in the vessel is separated. Methods have now
been developed in which machines scratch the surface of the fruit
and the oil is absorbed by a sponge.

b) écuelle à piquer method (Scarification):
The entire fruits are rotated in a saucer-shaped metal pins or sharp
projections just long enough to penetrate the epidermis. The pins
rupture the oil cells, the exuding oil collecting in a long narrow
depression in the bottom of the saucer. The liquid is poured off at
intervals into a large vessel, where it is allowed to stand until the oil
can be decanted and filtered.
Machines are employed for extracting oils from bergamots and
lemons, sometimes whole fruits are pressed and juice and oil which
run out together are collected and centrifuged to separate the oil. A
large part of the lemon oil of commerce is obtained as a by-product
in the preparation of lime juice.

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