Page 32 - Clinical Biochemistry 08PB804
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2) Chemical tests for abnormal chemical constituents.
3) Microscopic exam for abnormal insoluble constituents.
I- Physical Exam
1- Color: normal color ranges from pale yellow to amber depending on concentration. Yellow
color comes from urochrome pigment.
2- Appearance: normal appearance is clear but becomes turbid on standing.
3- Odour: characteristic aromatic.
4- Specific gravity: normal value from 1.010-1.025.
5- Volume: normal value from 500-2000 ml/24hrs.
6- pH: normally slightly acidic.
Figure 5: Physical urine analysis
Leukocyte
Nitrite
Esterase
pH
Protein
Blood
Sp gr
Ketones
Glucose
Bilirubin
1- Clarity (transparency)
Normal urine clear or transparent, any turbidity will indicate.
