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CHAPTER I



         THE WATER QUESTION

         AT MONTFERMEIL






         Montfermeil is situated between Livry and Chelles, on
         the southern edge of that lofty table-land which separates
         the Ourcq from the Marne. At the present day it is a tol-
         erably  large  town,  ornamented  all  the  year  through  with
         plaster  villas,  and  on  Sundays  with  beaming  bourgeois.
         In 1823 there were at Montfermeil neither so many white
         houses nor so many well-satisfied citizens: it was only a vil-
         lage in the forest. Some pleasure-houses of the last century
         were to be met with there, to be sure, which were recog-
         nizable by their grand air, their balconies in twisted iron,
         and their long windows, whose tiny panes cast all sorts of
         varying shades of green on the white of the closed shutters;
         but Montfermeil was none the less a village. Retired cloth-
         merchants and rusticating attorneys had not discovered it
         as yet; it was a peaceful and charming place, which was not
         on the road to anywhere: there people lived, and cheaply,
         that peasant rustic life which is so bounteous and so easy;
         only, water was rare there, on account of the elevation of

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