Page 45 - MNU-PM502- Pharmaeutical Microbiology Theoritical Book

Pharm D- Clinical Pharmacy Program Third Level Pharmaceutical Microbiology& Antimicrobials (PM 502)

1- Phenol, phenolic compounds
• Phenolics are aromatic compounds that are toxic to tissues in high

concentrations.
• Ex: cresols, chlorocresol, xylenols, chloroxylenol, triclosan
• Denature proteins and disrupt membranes
• Bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal, but not sporicidal

Intermediate to low-level disinfectants
• used for

- disinfection of contaminated objects.
- Antibacterial soap

2- Biguanides (Chlorhexidine)
• disrupts cellular membranes (surfactants) and denatures

proteins but cannot kill endospores.
• Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant
• An antiseptic before surgeries

Oral rinse
Hand scrub for medical personnel
Examples: Hibitane, Betasept, and Peridex

3- Halogens
chemicals that alter microbial proteins
- Chlorine

Chlorine gas: sporicidal, used as a sterilant.
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl): Known as household bleach

It is the most commonly available disinfectant (a high-level disinfectant)
Use: a 1:10 dilution of bleach to disinfect surfaces after blood spills
for municipal water supplies, swimming pools, dairy and food industries
- Iodine: which is used as a skin antiseptic:

o Iodine tincture (with alcohol)
o Iodophore with PVP (povidone-iodine) (Betadine)

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