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resembled those used by this species was photographed there (BMD unpubl.). The record is of interest but not included because it is uncertain whether the burrow was dug by a solitary individual or
‘#’ that breeding was assumed; ‘?’ that breeding may have taken place. A pair of African Penguins may have attempted to breed at Schaapen Island in October 2012, when an excavated nest that
Table 1: Records of African Penguins (pairs) breeding at different sites in Namibia and South Africa, 1576–2022. ‘√’ signifies that breeding occurred at a site but the numbers were not ascertained;
Sinclair Island √ 3000 1481 395 233 196 177 246 201 124 51 29 44 27 38 63 110 123
a pair was present. The locality used in De Hoop Nature Reserve was Witklippunt. Estimates in parentheses in 2022 were made outside the penguins’ main breeding period at those localities

Plumpudding Island √ 3001 3447 2842 438 100 92 228 90 1 2 27 23 38

Pomona Island √ 6048 3973 5609 123 20 13 15 8 13 2 8 1

Albatross Island √ 0 0 0

Possession Island √ 23245 9081 2568 638 327 454 946 702 669 751 506 608 498 512

North Reef 850 243 151 58 0 1 2 0 0 0 0

North Long Island √ 0 0 0 0

Halifax Island √ √ 4879 2495 1750 1007 334 259 678 1050 690 709 681 473 384 431

Penguin Island, Lüderitz √

Seal Island, Lüderitz √ √ 0

Ichaboe Island √ √ 1441 994 1112 3598 2070 739 1372 1937 2418 2655 2736 3343 2640 1903

Neglectus Islet 0 0 0 0 0 1

Mercury Island √ √ 971 882 1213 3218 2092 1126 2181 3394 3552 3576 3666 1640 2261 2387 2662

Oyster Cliffs

Sylvia Hill 2 6 15 20 25 26

Hollams Bird Island 1

Namibia Year 1576 1828 1871 1885 1914 1923 1926 c. 1930 1945 1948 1950 1951 1954 1956 1958 1960 1967 1969 1971 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

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