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Table 2: Estimates of numbers of Crowned Cormorants (pairs) breeding in southern Africa in Crawford et al. (1982) and Kemper et al.
(2007) and in South Africa in Crawford et al. (2012). Also shown are maxima observed at sites from 2013–2017 and 2018–2022 and the
most recent values for each site, the year of that observation and its percentage contribution to the total of the most recent values. The
decade of observation is colour-coded and the percentage contributions of values from different decades to the sum of the most recent
values are indicated. Important breeding sites for the species are highlighted in grey
Decade of most recent ≥ 4.5% of population
estimate 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s (≥ 100 pairs)
Site Maximum breeding pairs observed
Crawford Kemper Crawford Most Year of % of sum
Site et al. et al. et al. This This recent most of most
1982 2007 2012 study study estimate recent recent
(pairs) estimate estimates
1977-81 1995- 2008-12 2013- 2018-
2006 17 22
Namibia
Bird Rock, Walvis Bay 54 98 123 2003 5.60
Sylvia Hill 1 1 2000 0.05
Oyster Cliffs 18 18 2002 0.82
Mercury Island 34 63 24 24 2022 1.09
Saddle Hill 31 31 2003 1.41
Neglectus 6 6 2001 0.27
Ichaboe Island 227 248 172 128 78 2022 3.55
Seal Island, Lüderitz 79 76 67 592 65 2022 2.96
Penguin Island,
Lüderitz 52 22 91 80 37 2022 1.69
Shark Island, Lüderitz 59 21 0 0 2022 0.00
Halifax Island 96 87 76 104 104 2022 4.74
Wolf Bay 30 135 84 2000 3.83
North Long Island 16 16 16 1995 0.73
Atlas Bay 19 51 2000 2.32
Lady's Rocks 21 1995 0.96
North Reef 1 3 2000 0.14
Possession Island 280 176 305 230 230 2022 10.48
Albatross Island 15 3 3 2022 0.14
Pomona Island 12 11 0 0 2022 0.00
Van Reenen Bay 7 5 1979 0.23
Plumpudding Island 18 13 4 4 2022 0.18
Sinclair Island 27 10 2 2 2022 0.09
Devil's Islet 4 1995 0.18
South Africa
Alexander Bay Harbour 20 12 0 2019 0.00
Buchu Twins gully 1 5 5 2019 0.23
Boegoeberg 22 0 0 2019 0.00
North of Cliff Point 15 36 36 2017 1.64
Cliff Point seal colony 0 0 2019 0.00
Robbe Eiland 116 0 0 6 6 2019 0.27
Port Nolloth Harbour 126 58 77 62 2019 2.82
Matthew Island 220 55 20 27 22 2019 1.00
Oubeep jetty 56 56 2018 2.55
Robeiland, Kleinzee 228 53 115 28 28 2018 1.28
Penguin Rock 58 58 2020 2.64
Jahleel wreck 9 0 0 2020 0.00
Hondeklipbaai Harbour 22 0 2020 0.00
Cliff Point 15 2012 0.68
Elephant Rock 7 0 4 2012 0.18
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