Page 196 - MNU microbiology theoritical 2025

General Microbiology & Immunology (PM 401) Second level Semester 4 2024/2025

• There is no obvious cause

• They are mainly errors in replication/repair

II- Induced mutations

• A great variety of agents (Mutagens) can cause mutation by damaging DNA.

Types of mutation

1- Point mutation

a- Missense Mutation

b- Nonsense Mutation

c- Silent (neutral) Mutation

2- Frame Shift mutation

a- Deletion

b- Insertion

1-Point mutation
A point mutation or a genetic mutation where substitution of one

deoxyribonucleotide by another during replication.

A- Same sense (silent) mutation:

• This mutation changes one codon for an amino acid into another codon for

the same amino acid

General Microbiology & Immunology (PM 401) theoretical handbook Page 185