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General Microbiology & Immunology (PM 401)         Second level                Semester 4                    2024/2025






























                  2-  Frame Shift mutation


                      -  occurs when one or two bases are added or deleted.









                      -  This will change the reading frame starting from

                         the location of addition or deletion and extending

                         downstream.

                      -  the amino acid sequence downstream of the

                         mutation site differs from the original amino acid

                         sequence leading to complete loss of normal

                         protein structure and function











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