Page 37 - Exhibit No. 3 Copies of Instructional Materials Actually Used

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is using or putting in one's own words to restate the author's
ideas, and acknowledging the source to give credit to the original author (de Belen,
2015).

• is used when we want to express someone else's idea in our own
words
• uses different words to express the same idea
• is rewriting the text in order to simplify focusing not only on what is said
but also on how it is said
• makes the understanding of the source text less difficult by breaking
down the information into manageable units.

Paraphrasing Techniques

Replace a word with a synonym

• Paraphrasing can be longer or shorter than the original. Concentrate on
the meaning not on the words.
• Verbs and adjectives have counterparts that are interchangeable with the
authors’ original words.
• Not all synonyms have exact meanings (look at a thesaurus and double
check with a dictionary).

• Avoid using abstract words- they come as weak words.
• Use of synonyms is a problem in scientific writing because often there is
only one word to describe a certain action or object. It is better to keep the
important words and change the sentence structure.

Defining the Framework and Developing Conceptual and Theoretical
Frameworks

Conceptual Framework

Conceptual framework is the basic structure that serves as a mental window
or the researcher because it depicts the research design and the relationships of the
variables involved.

A conceptual framework is a written or visual presentation that explains either
geographically, or in narrative form, the main things to be studied, the key factors,
concepts or variables and the presumed relationship among them.

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Nursing Research I