Page 39 - Exhibit No. 3 Copies of Instructional Materials Actually Used

Theories are statements about the mechanism underlying a particular behavior.
Theories help organize and verify different observations related to the behavior and
good theories will generate predictions about the behavior.
A theory is constructed to explain, predict and master phenomenon (e.g.
relationship, events, or the behavior). In many instances, we are constructing models
of reality. A theory makes generalizations about observations and consists of an
interrelated, coherent set of ideas and models.
A theoretical framework is similar to the frame of the house just as the
foundation supports a house, a theoretical framework provides a rationale for
predictions about the relationship among variables of a research study, (Mehta, n.d.).
Theoretical framework identifies the variables investigated in the study. It
illustrates how the variables interact with each other as hypothesized in the research
by the aid of diagrams.
Theory provides patterns for the interpretation of data, links one study to
another supplies framework within which concepts and variables acquire special
significance and allows us to interpret the larger meaning of our findings for ourselves
and others. Theoretical framework states the central concept(s) integral to the study.

Research Paradigm

A research paradigm is a set of commonly held beliefs and assumptions
within a research community about ontological, epistemological, and methodological
concerns. The chapter starts with introducing the two most established research
paradigms, positivism and interpretivism, and discusses their role in design science
research. The chapter also presents two alternative research paradigms, critical
realism and critical theory, and how these can influence design science work.

Definition of Important Terms

This section facilitates understanding of the study by defining the terms or variables
according to their contextual use.

Reasons for Defining the Variables:

a. To guide and direct the researcher in quantifying and qualifying the
variables.
b. To ensure clarity of the meaning of the variables and minimize the
readers misconceptions.

Types of Definitions:

a. Conceptual Definition
It is a universal definition of a term understood by people, a general
statement of properties or qualities common to a number of examples. It

32
Nursing Research I