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transformed themselves into whales over time. (Charles Darwin, The
           Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University
           Press, 1964, p. 184.)
                However, the laws of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel
           (1822-84) and verified by the science of genetics, which flourished in
           the twentieth century, utterly demolished the legend that acquired
           traits were passed on to subsequent generations. Thus, natural selec-
           tion fell out of favor as an evolutionary mechanism.

                N Neo-Darwinism and mutations

                In order to find a solution, Darwinists advanced the "Modern Syn-
           thetic Theory," or as it is more commonly known, Neo-Darwinism, at
           the end of the 1930s. Neo-Darwinism added mutations, which are dis-
           tortions formed in the genes of living beings due to such external fac-
           tors as radiation or replication errors, as the "cause of favourable vari-
           ations" in addition to natural mutation.
                Today, the model that Darwinists espouse, despite their own
           awareness of its scientific invalidity, is neo-Darwinism. The theory
           maintains that millions of living beings formed as a result of a process
           whereby numerous complex organs of these organisms (e.g., ears,
           eyes, lungs, and wings) underwent "mutations," that is, genetic disor-
           ders. Yet, there is an outright scientific fact that totally undermines this
           theory: Mutations do not cause living beings to develop; on the con-
           trary, they are always harmful.
                The reason for this is very simple: DNA has a very complex struc-
           ture, and random effects can only harm it. The American geneticist B.
           G. Ranganathan explains this as follows:

                First, genuine mutations are very rare in nature. Secondly, most mutations are
                harmful since they are random, rather than orderly changes in the structure of
                genes; any random change in a highly ordered system will be for the worse, not
                for the better. For example,  if an earthquake were to shake a highly
                ordered structure such as a building, there would be a random change in
                the framework of the building which, in all probability, would not be
                an improvement. (B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner
                of Truth Trust, 1988, p. 7.)


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