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Third World Fascists        193




               mouths and wait for an order. If the detainee refused to talk, then the dog was
               told to bite.
                      The brutality in Guatemala was also horrifying. In the 1960s and 1970s,
               the fascist regime which overthrew the country's first and only elected
               president, Jacobo Arbenz, in 1954, turned the country into killing-fields.
               Among the fascists' targets, in conformity with fascism's general hatred of
               religion, were men of religion. Amnesty International announced that between
               October 1966 and March 1968, some 8,000 Guatemalans, including many
               priests, were killed by "death squads." In 1972, the number of death squad
               victims went up to 12,000, and to 20,000 four years later.
                      The Roman Catholic Bishops Conference described the government's
               policy as "genocide." In Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since
               World War II, the American writer William Blum explained the torture methods
               used by the Guatemala regime:

                      Anyone attempting to organize a union or other undertaking to
                      improve the lot of the peasants, or simply suspected of being in support
                      of the guerrillas, was subject ... unknown armed men broke into their
                      homes and dragged them away to unknown places ... their tortured or
                      mutilated or burned bodies found buried in a mass grave, or floating in
                      plastic bags in a lake or river, or lying beside the road, hands tied
                      behind the back ... bodies dropped into the Pacific from airplanes. In the
                      Gual area, it was said, no one fished any more; too many corpses were
                      caught in the nets ... decapitated corpses, or castrated, or pins stuck in
                      the eyes ... a village rounded up, suspected of supplying the guerrillas
                      with men or food or information, all adult males taken away in front of
                      their families, never to be seen again ... or everyone massacred, the
                      village bulldozed over to cover the traces ... seldom were the victims
                      actual members of a guerrilla band. One method of torture consisted of
                      putting a hood filled with insecticide over the head of the victim; there
                      was also electric shock — to the genital area is the most effective. 133
                      William Blum quotes a statement by a female native Guatemalan. Taken
               for questioning, along with her family, on charges of being an "opponent of the
               regime," Rigoberta Menchú Tum described what happened to her on
               December 9, 1979:

                      On 9 December 1979, my 16-year-old brother Patrocino was captured
                      and tortured for several days and then taken with twenty other young
                      men to the square in Chajul ... An officer of [President] Lucas Garcia's
                      army of murderers ordered the prisoners to be paraded in a line.... I was
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