Page 269 - Der Irrtum von der Evolution der Arten
P. 269

Harun Yahya
                                 (Adnan Oktar)

          melanic forms in the moth Biston betularia  urban Liverpool and rural North Wales,"
          and estimates of the selective values of  Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 41, 1972, p.
          these in an industrial environment,"  240.
          Proceedings of the Royal Society of London  280 D.R. Lees, E.R. Creed, "Industrial
          B 165, 1966, pp. 424-439.       melanism in Biston betularia: the role of se-
          273 J.A. Bishop, "An experimental study  lective predation," Journal of Animal
          of the cline of industrial melanism in  Ecology, Vol. 44, 1975, pp. 75-76.
          Biston betularia (L.) (Lepidoptera) between  281 R.C. Steward, "Melanism and selec-
          urban Liverpool and rural North Wales,"  tive predation in three species of moths,"
          Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 41, 1972, pp.  Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 46, 1977, pp.
          209-243.                        483-496; R.C. Steward, "Industrial and
          274 D.R. Lees, E.R. Creed, "Industrial  non-industrial melanism in the peppered
          melanism in Biston betularia: the role of  moth, Biston betularia," Ecological
          selective predation," Journal of Animal  Entomology, Vol. 2, 1977, pp. 231-243.
          Ecology, Vol. 44, 1975, pp. 67-83.  282 R.C. Steward, "Industrial and non-in-
          275 J.A. Bishop, L.M. Cook, "Moths,  dustrial melanism in the peppered moth,
          melanism and clean air," Scientific  Biston betularia," Ecological Entomology,
          American, Vol. 232, 1975, pp. 90-99.  Vvol. 2, 1977, pp. 239, 242.
          276 R.C. Steward, "Melanism and selec-  283 R.J. Berry, "Industrial melanism and
          tive predation in three species of moths,"  peppered moths  (Biston betularia),"
          Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 46, 1977, pp.  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 39,
          483-496.                        p. 312.
          277 N.D. Murray, J.A. Bishop, M.R.  284 B.S. Grant, A.D. Cook, C.A. Clarke,
          MacNair, "Melanism and predation by  and D.F. Owen, "Geographic and tempo-
          birds in the moths Biston betularia and  ral variation in the incidence of melanism
          Phigalia pilosauria," Proceedings of the  in peppered moth populations in America
          Royal Society of London B 210, 1980, pp.  and Britain." Heredity, Vol. 89, No. 5. pp.
          277-283.                        465-471
          278 J.A. Bishop, L.M. Cook, "Industrial  285 D.R. Lees, E.R. Creed, and L.G.
          melanism and the urban environment,"  Duckett. "Atmospheric pollution and in-
          Advances in Ecological Research, Vol. 11,  dustrial melanism." Heredity 30, 1973. pp.
          1980, pp. 373-404; G.S. Mani, "Theoretical  227-232.
          models of melanism in Biston betularia,"  286 T.D.Sargent , "Melanism in moths of
          Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol.  central Massachusetts (Noctuidae,
          39, 1990, pp. 355-371.          Geometridae)," Journal of the Lepidopterists'
          279 J.A. Bishop, "An experimental study  Society, 28: 1974, pp. 145-152.
          of the cline of industrial melanism in  287 Bernard Kettlewell, The Evolution of
          Biston betularia (L.) (Lepidoptera) between  Melanism, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973





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