Page 33 - A Chain of Miracles
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fact that the key reaction proceeds only because of a lucky fluke.
Carbon nuclei are made by a rather tricky process involving the
simultaneous encounter of three high-speed helium nuclei, which
then stick together. Because of the rarity of triple-nucleus encoun-
ters, the reaction can proceed at a significant rate only at certain
well-defined energies (termed “resonances”), where the reaction
rate is substantially amplified by quantum effects. By good for-
tune, one of these resonances is positioned just about right to cor-
respond to the sort of energies that helium nuclei have inside
large stars. 14
Such a chemical reaction is beyond by coincidence—it’s im-
possible! But since Paul Davies is a sworn materialist, he tries to
explain it away with a pointless and irrational reference to
“good fortune.” Davies is aware of this miracle and does not
conceal his bewilderment when explaining this process, but nev-
ertheless adopts such unscientific and irrational terms as “lucky
fluke” or “good fortune,” simply because he rejects Creation.
Inside red giants another miracle called double-resonance
takes place. First, two helium atoms fuse to create beryllium,
then within the space of 0.000000000000001 second, a third he-
lium atom combines with the first two, to produce carbon.
George Greenstein explains why this double-resonance
process is so extraordinary:
There are three quite separate structures in this story—helium,
beryllium, and carbon—and two quite separate resonances. It is
hard to see why these nuclei should work together so smoothly…
Other nuclear reactions do not proceed by such a remarkable
chain of lucky breaks…It is like discovering deep and complex
resonances between a car, a bicycle, and a truck. Why should such
disparate structures mesh together so perfectly? Upon this our ex-
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