Page 200 - The Evolution Deceit

198 THE EV O LU TION DE CEIT
THE EVOLUTION DECEIT

lar findings in this way:
No consistent organismal phylogeny has emerged from the many individ-
ual protein phylogenies so far produced. Phylogenetic incongruities can be
seen everywhere in the universal tree, from its root to the major branchings
within and among the various (groups) to the makeup of the primary group-
ings themselves." 176
The fact that results of molecular comparisons are not in favour of,
but rather opposed to, the theory of evolution is also admitted in an article
called "Is it Time to Uproot the Tree of Life?" published in Science in 1999.
This article by Elizabeth Pennisi states that the genetic analyses and com-
parisons carried out by Darwinist biologists in order to shed light on the
"tree of life" actually yielded directly opposite results, and goes on to say
that "new data are muddying the evolutionary picture":
A year ago, biologists looking over newly sequenced genomes from more
than a dozen microorganisms thought these data might support the accepted
plot lines of life's early history. But what they saw confounded them. Com-
parisons of the genomes then available not only didn't clarify the picture of
how life's major groupings evolved, they confused it. And now, with an ad-
ditional eight microbial sequences in hand, the situation has gotten even
more confusing.... Many evolutionary biologists had thought they could
roughly see the beginnings of life's three kingdoms... When full DNA se-
quences opened the way to comparing other kinds of genes, researchers ex-
pected that they would simply add detail to this tree. But "nothing could be
further from the truth," says Claire Fraser, head of The Institute for Genomic
Research (TIGR) in Rockville, Maryland. Instead, the comparisons have
yielded many versions of the tree of life that differ from the rRNA tree and
conflict with each other as well... 177
In short, as molecular biology advances, the homology concept loses
more ground. Comparisons that have been made of proteins, rRNAs and
genes reveal that creatures which are allegedly close relatives according to
the theory of evolution are actually totally distinct from each other. A 1996
study using 88 protein sequences grouped rabbits with primates instead of
rodents; a 1998 analysis of 13 genes in 19 animal species placed sea urchins
among the chordates; and another 1998 study based on 12 proteins put
cows closer to whales than to horses. Molecular biologist Jonathan Wells
sums up the situation in 2000 in this way:
Inconsistencies among trees based on different molecules, and the bizarre
trees that result from some molecular analyses, have now plunged molecular