Page 21 - BOOK OF PROGRAM ICAGRI 2

Abstract Keynote-4

HUMAN ECOLOGY
Arief Satria
IPB University
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Abstract

Environmental crisis and climate change have become central attentions
within global community because of its contribution to wider impacts of
poverty, hunger and deteriorating quality of human life, which have
increasingly put pressures to vulnerable community groups. Ecological
footprint at the global level firstly surpassed the Earth's biological capacity in
the late 1970s and it gets worse (Venetoulis and Talberth 2006) raising a
question of "is the planet better off?" (Carter 2007). Such circumstances urge
us to continue delivering new ideas, innovations and actions in order to tackle
the problems and to improve the quality of our planet.

In 2015 the United Nations passed 17 goals to achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). The goals are considered more ambitious, as a
correction of the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) agenda, which has
mostly failed to meet the targets, especially the environmental targets. In
SDGs, no one left behind as it is mostly targeted to poor or lower-class people
as the most vulnerable group. The goals in the SDGs are interrelated with
each other to protect the earth, alleviate poverty and hunger, and to ensure
welfare for all. Most of the issues accommodated in the SDGs are main
problems in developing countries.

Indonesia as a developing country also faces similar problems. First,
Environmental Quality Index (EQI) at national level in 2017 indicates quite
good conditions (66.46), however, several provinces including DKI Jakarta
Province indicate alert and poor categories; 2) The condition of forests in
Indonesia is approaching to deteriorate due to only 50.7 percent areas that
still have forest cover (primary, secondary, and plantations), while others do
not; 3) There are 68 percent of the rivers in Indonesia are in heavily polluted
conditions, most are located in Java; as many as 25.1 percent of villages
experience water pollution, and 2.7 percent of villages experience soil
pollution (BPS 2018); 4) Quite massive damage in coastal ecosystems
(mangroves, seagrasses and coral reefs) occurs mainly triggered by coastal
reclamation, sand dredging and mining, and pollution (Giyanto et al. 2017).
FAO (2007) showed that mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia had decreased
from 4.2 million to 2.9 million hectares during 1980-2005 periods. The
condition of coral reefs in Indonesia in the ‘very good category’ is only 6.39
percent, ‘good condition’ is 23.40 percent, ‘sufficient condition’ is 35.06
percent and ‘bad condition’ is 35.15 percent (Giyanto et al. 2017). The status
of seagrass beds in Indonesia is generally categorized as "less healthy".
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