Page 50 - 08_Social_Studies and Population Education Book 8_2078 Revised and Updated Edition

agricultural activities. When the farmers need help to

work in the field, they call their neighbours to work
for certain hours of the day in their field. In return, do
the same for their neighbours. The practice of ‘Parma’
is thus a system of supporting each other in work turn
by turn collectively. It is also called Aalopalo Pratha in
Nepalese society. Similarly, ‘Paincho’ is the system of
giving and taking of something. It is related to goods.

In this practice, people take the goods which they are in
need from others and return it without any addition of
interest or amount in due time. Such system is generally
found in rural areas but nowadays, due to development of
local shops and markets, it has been declining.

Dipak Singh : Dear friends, today I am going to tell you about ‘Dhikuti’.
In common sense, Dhikuti means store room where

various food grains are kept. But now it has been adopted
in monetary matters. In this system, money is raised from
the Dhikuti members to collect a fund for specific purpose
periodically. The collected fund is used by its members
turn by turn. After using the fund the members have to pay
minimum interest rate. At present, this system is declared
illegal by the government as there are more possibility of
cheating and fraud.

Teacher : Thank you all for sharing your ideas and knowledge with
your classmates.

Key Terms
Cremation : funeral
Mobilization : to put into active service
Prevalent : widespread
Renovate : repair, restore

Note to the teacher: As mentioned in the lesson, there might be certain social practices in the local
community which has been contributing in the social, economical and cultural upliftment of that community.
Find out about them and make the class discuss about its importance and conservation.
50 SOCIAL STUDIES - GRADE 8