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was fewer than in 2006 where they reached 6,500, we need to consider that Yogyakarta at
that time was not so crowded. The earthquake periodization in Java is not as frequent as
that in Sumatra. It might have been that the faults in Sumatra were relatively more slippery
so that they moved more often. In Java it was more because of frontal subductions. Notice
the figure of the direction of plate movement in the Southern part of Sumatra (the tilted
one) with the Java collision which stretching out west-east.
The quake periods have been studied from evidence from Kedulan Temple. The first
period was around the 3th-6th centuries, with the buildings on the southern wing of
the main building (now it is a bit protruding on the surface). The material burying the
foundation of the temple was the sediment from a pyroclastic flow in 3 layers, to which
each was limited by a thin layer of paleosol, of which each sediment aged 1445 +/- 50 yBP,
1175 +/- yBP and 1060 +/- 49 yBP. The second period was the Temple, which existed in the
north. From the inscriptions found, the temple was once renovated in the 8th-9th AD
century. Then it was buried and excavated again in 940+/-100 yBP burying the foundation
of the temple in the south east wing. Then the temple got struck by the earthquake which
left the floor and the foundation wavy and most of the temple rocks and statues were
thrown away up to 5 AD to the south-north west; after this, the temple was abandoned
until it was engulfed by pyroclastic clouds in 1285 AD (740 +/- 50 yBP).
At that point, the surface of Kedulan was raised up to the level of the inner yard of
the Temple where the Aren and Jokong trees grew, and then repeatedly it was covered
with muds in the 4 periods of 1587 AD 360+/-50 yBP, 240+/-50 yBP, 200+/-50 yBP and an
unknown date in the upper layer of fluvial.
The understanding on disasters could give insight that the last disaster would not
always cause human settlements to be abandoned. Taman Sari used to be very beautiful
where a park was built with a man-made lake and also a Mosque as well as a tunnel whose
elevation was lower than the elevation of the man-made lake. The sketch of Taman Sari
how beautiful it was, as described in an Old Book in Surakarta. Above is a part of Taman
Sari which has been renovated while underneath can be seen the remains of the part of
Taman Sari which was abandoned due to the Yogyakarta’s earthquake on June 10, 1867.
However, in 2003, a foundation of art-culture preservation from Portugal in cooperation
with the Agency of Ancient Relics Preservation (BP3) and the Center of Environmental
Study Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Yogyakarta, restored Taman Sari. Today, Taman Sari
is again a beautiful and interesting place to visit. The beauty of Taman Sari suggests the
heights of the lost Javanese civilization and its technology.

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